tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-85658484294864758692023-11-15T07:19:18.141-08:00Buy reviewJanehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.comBlogger237125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-65133528373115009812020-08-27T14:20:00.001-07:002020-08-27T14:20:03.133-07:00My Experience Scoring a Kindle Scout Book Deal Keith YocumMy Experience Scoring a Kindle Scout Book Deal Keith Yocum My Experience Scoring a Kindle Scout Book Deal In 2016, Keith Yocum entered his most recent novel into the Kindle Scout program. His tale was chosen for the 30-day battle, and afterward picked for distribution by Kindle Press - all to Keith's own shock. In this visitor post, Keith informs us concerning his Kindle Scout understanding, and the not really mystery formula to his prosperity with the program.I am an essayist who has worked for a long time in news coverage. During this time, I did everything from beginning a paper without any preparation, composing a week by week section for a long time straight, to working for a significant day by day paper. Itââ¬â¢s been a dynamite profession and Iââ¬â¢ve delighted in every last bit of it, even the late evenings and smashing cutoff times. All things considered, possibly not the cutoff times. In any case, after the thousands - millions? - of words Iââ¬â¢d composed and altered, there was one driving enthusiasm that went unfulfilled. I needed to compose a novel. Or on the other hand two.Thirteen years after the fact, I have independently published two books and a year ago handled a distributing manage Amazon in the wake of entering my third book, Color of Blood, into the Kindle Scout program.What is Kindle Scout?Kindle Scout is a program for unpublished compositions that consolidates publicly supporting with publication curation. It's genuinely basic: you need an unpublished original copy, a finished book spread, a short joke about the book, and a book depiction of 500 characters or less.After submitting to Kindle Scout you stand by to check whether your composition will be chosen for the program. This procedure is somewhat puzzling, as authors don't definitely have the foggiest idea what rules are utilized to check whether a title is deserving of incorporation. Whenever picked for the program, your book is given presentation for 30 days on the Kindle Scout landing page. Essayists are then liable for connecting with their systems and mentioning they vote i n favor of their book.However, I had something other than what's expected as a primary concern for Color of Blood. Together, we returned to the planning phase and chose the spread should fuse a kind of Australian Aboriginal hand workmanship - as this mirrors a key scene in the novel. Stewart found the craftsmanship and made a spread I was satisfied with, making changes and switches I mentioned up until the latest possible time. At long last, he had the option to plan a spread that stuck out, yet at the same time caught the eye of perusers hoping to peruse a thriller.Working with duplicate manager Jessica PeriniDue to the way that half of my novel is set in Australia, I was eager to see Australian copyeditors on the Reedsy commercial center. While my mom was Australian,â and I had visited commonly, me that a nearby guarantee the portrayals and language were bona fide. I picked Jessica Perini and we functioned admirably together; her copyediting was snappy, proficient and supportive. I didn't hope to sell numerous duplicates in Australia, however in the event that somebody Down Under read it, I needed the original copy to hold up - and Iââ¬â¢m sure now that it will.How being picked for Kindle Scout influenced the deals and achievement of my bookThe speed of audits and deals for Color of Blood has been entirely stunning with Scout backing it. To place it into point of view: I distributed my presentation independent novel Daniel in 2009. After eight years, Daniel has 107 Amazon checked surveys and a 4.3 normal star rating.After just a single year since Amazon distributed Color of Blood, it has 91 confirmed audits and a 4.1 normal star rating. I earned back my development from Kindle Press in only three months, and have sold a large number of duplicates. When all is said in done, the Scout experience has been terrific.In terms of whether I will keep entering my books into the Scout Program: Iââ¬â¢m going back and forth. Shade of Blood is a set of three and d ifferent writers have said that itââ¬â¢s regularly very hard to have a progression of books chose for the program. Furthermore, sinceâ self-distributing on Amazonâ is such a basic procedure, I may simply go that course. That being stated, on the off chance that I do present another book to Kindle Scout, I will put the significant learnings this first experience has instructed me to use.Tips for writers entering the Kindle Scout programBook covers are completely basic to advertising your title in an extremely jam-packed commercial center. So ensure you recruit an expert to plan yours. This isnââ¬â¢t a tip, itââ¬â¢s an absolute necessity. Likewise invest energy taking a shot at your book depictions and promoting synopses - working with an expert here doesnââ¬â¢t hurt either. Iââ¬â¢m hesitant to let it be known, however distributing is a business with away from of progress, including class explicit story structure and spotless, deliberate composition. There were appare ntly a large portion of a-million independently published books a year ago, so standing apart from the group is key for any author, and that implies utilizing experts to help. Recruiting an expert spread originator isnââ¬â¢t a tip, itââ¬â¢s an unquestionable requirement. In this regard, I need to show some respect for the people at Reedsy for making my work progressively attractive and community. There are some incredible experts there prepared to be found.Color of Blood is accessible in soft cover and on Amazon Kindle.For more data, visit Keith Yocum's website.Pleaseà share your musings, encounters, or any inquiries for Keith Yocum, in the remarks beneath! Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-77464325603493436832020-08-22T12:10:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:10:35.923-07:00George Berkeley Research PaperGeorge Berkeley Research Paper In the Principles of Human Knowledge, George Berkeley contends that material articles are just pictures inside the psyche. This optimism recommends that no physical non-thinking elements are genuine. The main truth of the articles is the picture inside the psyche of the perceiver of the items. For example, objects are seen by the faculties. We at that point see or decipher our own thoughts or sensations. Along these lines, the thoughts have more reality to us than does the articles that we as far as anyone knows see. Next, Berkeley characterizes the term presence. For a body to exist, one must see it or can possibly see it. However, everything that we see or can possibly see is thoughts. Along these lines, to state that a body exists is to state that you only had a thought of that body. An issue with this contention is that one can't have a thought of something without seeing the genuine item. To counter this announcement, Berkeley proposes that we can't recognize the reasonable item s structure the view of these articles. As such, it is difficult to isolate, in thought, the alleged genuine bodies that we see and feel from the psychological view of these bodies. Berkeley declares that to isolate these pictures would be practically equivalent to partitioning a human body or isolating the picture of a rose from the smell of a rose. As indicated by Berkeley, isolating these pictures would be a case of deliberation. In his push to demonstrate that material items just exist inside the psyche of the perceiver, Berkeley states that one should really see an article to have a thought regarding it. A thought exists in particular on the off chance that it is seen. Physical items are assortments of thoughts. Physical items can hence possibly exist when seen. For instance, believe an individual to think about a specific tree in his preferred field. On the off chance that he doesn't really see this tree or legitimately sense it, at that point his concept of the tree depends just on a past thought or picture of the tree. The memory of previous thoughts doesn't establish the presence of an article. Albeit just thoughts themselves, the faculties assume a key job in the contentions for Berkeleys optimism, for example, in this speedy confirmation for the nonexistence of the characteristics of bodies. Berkeley characterizes reasonable characteristics of bodies to be such things as shading, taste, figure, and movement. These characteristics are seen by the faculties. The faculties see thoughts. Thusly, the characteristics of bodies are thoughts. Berkeley advances his safeguard for this view by contending that numbers and certain faculties are thoughts inside the brain. He expresses that numbers just exist inside the psyche since they rely completely upon the comprehension of man. Thus, heat, cold, hues and other reasonable characteristics are simply expressions of love of the brain. These reasonable characteristics are not a piece of issue and could possibly exist on the off chance that somebody is there to encounter the sensation. One of Berkeleys most essential contentions for the nonexistence of dynamic bodies lies in his clarification of why activities can exist just inside the brain. To begin with, it is given that thoughts exist just inside the brain. As demonstrated before, thoughts are altogether that is seen. A thought is characterized as inactive in nature. This implies a thought can't legitimately do anything and can't be the immediate reason for anything. Along these lines, a thought can't be the similarity of a functioning being on the grounds that a thought exists just as a thought. In this manner, we can infer that expansion, figure, and movement can't create uproar on the grounds that these depictions are just thoughts inside the psyche. Berkeley proceeds with his assault on the Matter that makes up objects. Matter is characterized as idle, silly substance in which expansion, figure, and movement do really stay alive (258). Since augmentation, figure, and movement are thoughts inside the brain, matter should likewise be a thought since it is characterized by expansion, figure, and movement. In like manner, one can't see of issue without utilizing the faculties, which exist just in the brain. Berkeley approaches us to assume for a second that issue exists as a general rule however that the reasonable or auxiliary characteristics (258) exist just inside the brain. The physical body and the auxiliary characteristics would be absolutely indistinguishable from one another in light of the fact that both were expected to contain the article. Berkeley at that point recommends that the reasonable thoughts can't exist just inside the psyche while the items exist just in actuality if the two are altogether indivisible. Conseque ntly, the items must exist inside the brain too. At the finish of his contentions, Berkeley portrays the elements that exist inside the psyche of man. He clarifies that a soul causes thoughts inside the brain. The comprehension sees the thoughts while the will works or delivers thoughts. Additionally, Berkeley portrays laws of nature which are the strategies and examples that are seen by faculties. These laws might be the main genuine thoughts since they are engraved in us by the Author of Nature and instruct us to connect certain thoughts with others to figure out how to live. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-4947632852214162452020-08-21T09:52:00.001-07:002020-08-21T09:52:14.122-07:00How to Buy College Papers OnlineHow to Buy College Papers OnlineThere are many ways to buy college papers online. You can either look for a provider that sells just the papers themselves or you can opt to use a print shop that supplies a huge range of paper. Some of the options include web based online suppliers and physical stores.Web-based college papers supplier sites are quite handy in that they have a large inventory of stock available for purchase. They also have easy ordering and payment procedures. They also allow you to customize your order form to add your own notes, marking and reference pages as well as printing specifications such as the preferred color.Print shops can also be used for buying college papers and supplies. Most have large inventories and are more convenient to use because they let you print your own copies if needed. Prices are usually cheaper than those of web based providers.One great benefit is that many of these sites can accommodate your orders for many different sources of document s including the school's academic calendar, conference calls and home study courses. It is also helpful to find a supplier that offers time-sensitive orders. For example, if you are having difficulty making copies of new paper, such as the color version, you can have them printed as soon as possible so that you do not have to hold on to old files. These types of time-sensitive orders are usually best suited to online college papers suppliers.Make sure that the web paper supplier has several stock options as well as options that fit your budget. You should also find out if they offer any kind of fulfillment service that makes it easier to get copies of documents to you. Some good ideas are Web-to-Office, email delivery, or even drop shipping.If you are looking for a place to buy paper at a lower cost, there are many great deals that you can find through the search online. These days, there are many websites that offer both new and used paper, with prices to fit any budget.Check your local store for a store with a wide selection and pricing that match your student's need. It is usually more convenient to shop at a store than to have to search and locate a specific item online.You can also use buying paper online as a form of advertising as well. Word of mouth is the best advertising and a great way to inform other students that they can buy papers through a provider. This will bring in business for the college. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-89324516961506932582020-05-25T20:41:00.001-07:002020-05-25T20:41:04.271-07:00Analysis of Dracula and the Vampire Myth Essay - 2043 Words The story of Dracula started long before Brahm Stoker wrote his famous novel. Vampires have been in the minds of people since the early ninth century and, perhaps, even before that. The fact that the stories are still common after all these years brings out the question of, why? What makes these vampire stories so popular? The answer may be in the material itself. Taking a wide selection of vampire stories, including Brahm Stokers classic, reveals a long list of similarities. Of course, not all stories mirror the others in all aspects of images but the images that do repeat are the ones most people readily associate with vampires. I propose that the reason Dracula and other stories of vampires are still so widely knownâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦These stories of vampires go back much farther than the Victorian era though. They occur in almost every culture and may have wide variances. The most popular vampire legions are from Eastern European myths (Richardson) and many of the primary characteristics of behavior came from these myths. In Eastern Europe, the Slavic people from Russia to Bulgaria, Serbia to Poland, have the richest vampire folklore in the world (Richardson). The split of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Church, in 1054 AD caused a split in development in lore about vampires. The Roman Church saw saints in those characters the Orthodox Church saw as vampires (Richardson). Romanian vampires are called Strigoi or demon or witch. These tales share many common features with the modern vampire tales. The Vircolac are more closely related to wolfs in folklore and seem to have morphed into werewolves, though they were originally thought to be vampires. All these creatures, as well as witches, were thought to be most active on the Eve of St. Georges Day (Richardson). Britain, however, did not hear of these vampires until the 1700s. The eighteenth century in Europe brought a big vampire scare when even government officials were brought into the mass killings of vampires (Richardson). This scare started in East Prussia in 1721 and arose again in theShow MoreRelatedFilm Adaptation Of Bram Stoker s Dracula1320 Words à |à 6 Pagesfrightening tale of Count Dracula has struck horror into the hearts of many since it was originally penned. In 1987, Bram Stoker wrote the revolutionary tale Dracula that played off the fears of the people of the era. The plot and characters that make the novel great also translate nearly perfectly to cinematic adaptations. Starting in the early 1900ââ¬â¢s, directors have done their best to portray the terror that the original novel inspired. Francis Ford Coppolaââ¬â¢s Bram Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula was released in 1992Read MoreThe Good Will Always Prevail1077 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Good Will Always Prevail When most people think of modern-day vampires, the stereotypical Twilight and True Blood characters come into mind, but in realization this vampire fad came from a man who ruled Transylvania named Vlad Dracul, as known as Dracula. Bram Stoker wrote the novel, Dracula, with a gothic-style writing and a combined sense of romanticism. Dracula, by Bram Stoker, should be a chosen reading for this course because, Stoker refrains to many points such as: the good versus evilRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel Dracula 1452 Words à |à 6 PagesAnalysis of Dracula Although Dracula was not the first vampire novel, the effect that Bram Stokerââ¬â¢s creation had on the vampire genre is undisputable. At the time, it was written intellectual revelations during the 19th century had begun to change what people fear. Archaic legends like vampire stories no longer inspired terror in industrializing areas like Britain. What made Dracula widely successful was the incorporation of modern themes and anxieties with the renowned archetype of the vampireRead More Repressed Sexuality in Bram Stokers Dracula Essay1426 Words à |à 6 PagesRepressed Sexuality in Bram Stokers Dracula à à à à Perhaps no work of literature has ever been composed without being a product of its era, mainly because the human being responsible for writing it develops their worldview within a particular era.à Thus, with Bram Stokers Dracula, though we have a vampire myth novel filled with terror, horror, and evil, the story is a thinly veiled disguise of the repressed sexual mores of the Victorian era.à If we look to critical interpretation and commentaryRead MoreSexuality In Bram Stokers Dracula1082 Words à |à 5 PagesSexuality in Bram Stoker s DraculaBram Stoker s Dracula, favorably received by critics upon publication in 1897, entertained its Victorian audience with unspeakable horrors such as vampires invading bedrooms to prey on beautiful maidens under the guise of night. The novel s eroticism proved even more unspeakable. Received in the era of repression, it remains questionable whether Dracula s readership perceived the sexuality flowing from the page. An advocate for the censorship of sexual materialRead MoreThe Portrayal of the Feminine in Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula Essay1390 Words à |à 6 PagesDiscuss the portrayal of the feminine in Stokerââ¬â¢s Dracula In Dracula, Stoker portrays the typical women: The new woman, the femme fatale and the damsel in distress, all common concepts in gothic literature. There are three predominant female roles within Dracula: Mina Murray, Lucy Westenra and the three vampire brides, all of which possess different attributes and play different roles within the novel. It is apparent that the feminine portrayal within this novel, especially the sexual nature,Read MoreLiterary Elements Of Bram Stoker s Dracula2026 Words à |à 9 PagesVampire stories introduce the reader to mystery and suspense and also very interesting effects, but did you know that the story of Dracula has plenty of literary elements that better help the reader analyze and understand the story better than before. Dracula is a Vampire/Victorian book that expresses a lot of elements for example: symbolism. Literary terms such as gothic and romantics are terms used to discuss, classify, and analyze novels, poetry, and books like Dracula. The se terms are the mostRead MoreSemiotic Study of Vampires and Vampires Lore1678 Words à |à 7 PagesMICA | Semiotic Study of Vampires and Vampire Lore | Individual Assignment for Semiotics | | | | Submitted by: Payel Basu Roll No: 113B A semiotic study of vampires and vampire lore, with an eye on the different cultural implications that arise through the ages. | ------------------------------------------------- A semiotic study of vampires and vampire lore. The field of semiotics exists because of the realization that society has a desire to create and produce signsRead MoreLiterary Elements Of Bram Stoker s Dracula1994 Words à |à 8 PagesVampire stories are full of mystery and suspense and also very interesting, but did you know that the story of Dracula has plenty of literary elements that better help the reader analyze and understand the story better than before. Dracula is a Vampire/Victorian book that expresses a lot of elements for example: symbolism. Literary terms are terms used to discuss, classify, and analyze novels, poetry, and books like Dracula. These terms are the most important aspects in a piece of work. ThroughoutRead MoreThe Twilight Saga: Redefining the Vampire Essay837 Words à |à 4 PagesWhen the word ââ¬Å"vampireâ⬠comes to mind, people think of the traditional pale-faced, malicious bloodsuckers, sporting a cape and killing people when theyââ¬â¢re sleeping. Wrong! Nowadays, the image of a vampire is a handsome, polite, and loving person who protects humans. The new cultural phenomenon Twilight is building a new degrading image for vampires that slaps the face of all previous authors, directors, writers, etc. who contributed to giving the monster its unique image in the past. Simply searching Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-60022384155100387112020-05-15T03:01:00.001-07:002020-05-15T03:01:04.464-07:00Why Americans Once Gave the ââ¬ËBellamy Saluteââ¬â¢ The American school children in the picture are showing their loyalty to our flag and country by giving the ââ¬Å"Bellamy Saluteâ⬠while reciting the Pledge of Allegiance. Despite how it might look, the Bellamy Salute had nothing to do with Nazi dictator Adolph Hitler, but it did cause quite stir many years ago. In fact, the Bellamy Salute is an interesting aside on the history of the Pledge of Allegiance itself. Who Was ââ¬Å"Bellamy?â⬠Francis J. Bellamy actually wrote the original Pledge of Allegiance at the request of Daniel Sharp Ford, owner of a popular Boston-based magazine of the day named the Youthââ¬â¢s Companion. In 1892, Ford began a campaign to place American flags in every classroom in the nation. Ford believed that with the Civil War (1861-1865) still so fresh in the memories of so many Americans, a great public show of patriotism would help stabilize a still fragile nation. Along with the flags, Sharp assigned Bellamy, one of his staff writers at the time, to create a short phrase to be recited to honor the flag and all it stood for. Bellamyââ¬â¢s work, the Pledge of Allegiance to the flag, was published in the Youthââ¬â¢s Companion, and immediately struck a chord with Americans. The first organized use of the Pledge of Allegiance came on Oct. 12, 1892, when some 12 million American school children recited it to commemorate the 400-year anniversary of the voyage of Christopher Columbus. In 1943, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that school administrators or teachers could not force students to recite the Pledge. How it Became Bellamyââ¬â¢s Salute Bellamy and Sharp also felt a physical, non-military style salute should be given to the flag as the Pledge was recited. When the instructions for the salute were printed in the Youthââ¬â¢s Companion under his name, the gesture became known as the Bellamy Salute. The instructions for the Bellamy Salute were simple: When reciting the Pledge, each person was to extend their right arm straight ahead and pointing slightly upward, with their fingers pointing straight ahead or in the direction of the flag, if present. And That Was Fineâ⬠¦ Until Americans had no problem with the Bellamy Salute and rendered it proudly until the days before World War II, when Italians and Germans began showing loyalty to dictators Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler with the disturbingly similar ââ¬Å"Heil Hitler!â⬠salute. Americans giving the Bellamy Salute began to fear that they might be mistaken as showing allegiance to the growingly powerful European fascist and Nazi regimes. In his book ââ¬Å"To the Flag: The Unlikely History of the Pledge of Allegiance,â⬠author Richard J. Ellis wrote, ââ¬Å"the similarities in the salute had begun to attract comment as early as the mid-1930s.â⬠Fears also began to grow that the editors of European newspapers and films could easily crop the American flag from pictures of Americans giving the Bellamy Salute, thus giving Europeans the false impression that Americans were beginning to support Hitler and Mussolini. As Ellis wrote in his book, ââ¬Å"the embarrassing resemblance between the ââ¬ËHeil Hitlerââ¬â¢ salute and the salute that accompanied the Pledge of Allegiance,â⬠stirred fears among many Americans that the Bellamy Salute could be used overseas for pro-fascist propaganda purposes. So Congress Ditched It On December 22, 1942, back in the days when Congress really took care of business, lawmakers passed a bill amending the U.S. Flag Code to mandate that the Pledge of Allegiance should ââ¬Å"be rendered by standing with the right hand over the heart,â⬠exactly like we do it today. Other Changes to the Pledge Besides the demise of the Bellamy Salute in 1942, the exact wording of the Pledge of Allegiance has been changed over the years. For example, the phrase ââ¬Å"I pledge allegiance to the flag,â⬠was original written by Bellamy as ââ¬Å"I pledge allegiance to my flag.â⬠The ââ¬Å"myâ⬠was dropped out of concerns that immigrants to the United States, even those who had completed the naturalization process, might be seen as pledging allegiance to the flag of their home nation. The biggest and by far most controversial change came in 1954, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower drove a move to add the words ââ¬Å"under Godâ⬠after ââ¬Å"one nation.â⬠ââ¬Å"In this way we are reaffirming the transcendence of religious faith in Americaââ¬â¢s heritage and future; in this way we shall constantly strengthen those spiritual weapons which forever will be our countrys most powerful resource in peace and war,â⬠declared Eisenhower at the time. In June 2002, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco declared the entire Pledge of Allegiance unconstitutional because of its inclusion of the phrase ââ¬Å"under God.â⬠The court held that the phrase violated the First Amendmentââ¬â¢s guarantee of separation of church and state. However, the next day, 9th Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Alfred Goodwin, issued a stay that prevented enforcement of the ruling. So while its wording may change again, you can bet the Bellamy Salute will have no place in the future of the Pledge of Allegiance. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-81336798389034138712020-05-06T16:03:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:03:31.839-07:00Negative Effects Of Social Media - 1517 Words What is Social Media? As stated on Dictionary.com, social media is ââ¬Å"websites and other online means of communication that are used by large groups of people to share information and to develop social and professional contactsâ⬠. There are a huge variety of social media sites such as, Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, Instagram, and YouTube. As our technology gets more and more advanced and new devices come out, social media itself is growing as well. Because of the growth of social media, our lives are being effected every single day by it. These effects in our lives are not all positive, but they are not all negative either. In todayââ¬â¢s world, social media has now started to affect our everyday lives. People no longer watch the news or read theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Certain news stations use websites like Facebook to live stream a press conference or police chase as it is happening, which is useful to people who will be traveling or who are trying to keep up to da te, but donââ¬â¢t have current access to a television. Social media also allows for the open expression of your views. This allows others to see your opinion and share their similar ideas with you, or even express their opposing views. Along with these positives, comes the negatives. If you go to a classroom and watch from the back, youââ¬â¢ll notice how many students are using their cell phones when the professor isnââ¬â¢t looking, or who are using it out in the open without any care. This not only causes a distraction for themselves, but to others as well. This is not the only time that social media can be causing a distraction either. While doing homework or studying, students tend to easily get bored. Their fix to this is to take a break and get on social media. While a break can be good occasionally after long periods of studying, sometimes, they may not return to their studying after picking up their phone. Social Mediaââ¬â¢s Effect on Political Thinking There isnââ¬â¢t really a part of our lives that social media doesnââ¬â¢t at least touch. When it comes to politics, social media can have a huge effect. No matter how into politics someone is, social media sites can have a huge impact on a personââ¬â¢s views about a specific candidate or member. Someone who can have no information atShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Social Media1648 Words à |à 7 Pages Iââ¬â¢ve learned that everything that glitters ainââ¬â¢t gold. In my middle school days Iââ¬â¢ve experienced the negative effects of social media, Now when I say social media, Iââ¬â¢m referring to Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Snapchat. By me being very active on social media Iââ¬â¢ve been taunted, teased, threatened and harassed along with having low- self esteem and some suicidal thoughts . According to a recent study in the JAMA pediatrics, 23% of teens report they are or have been the target of cyberbullyingRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1350 Words à |à 6 Pagestodayââ¬â¢s society, social media is an important tool that many people use daily for various purposes. On social media, people share their opinions, events in their lives, and news. They also use social media as a tool for entertainment and as a way of keeping in touch with their friends. Because of its various uses, the use of social media increased very significantly over the years and it is no surprise that many scholars from different disciplines took an interest in the use of social media. These scholarsRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Social Media1509 Words à |à 7 Pagesbeing millennials, social media is as natural to the people of today as breathing or drinking water. Social media is a ââ¬Å"series of websites and applications that have been designed to allow people to share content and communicate with each other quickly and efficientlyâ⬠(ââ¬Å"What is Social Media, 2017). A few people have a more confined perspective of social media likening it to mean the same as interacting on sites like Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and others. The power of so cial media is such that, theRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Social Media1212 Words à |à 5 PagesThe Negative Effects of Social Media Introduction 1. Attention Getter: a. What is the first thing most people do in the morning? i. Brush teeth? ii. Go to the bathroom? iii. Feed your dog? iv. The correct answer is actually checking your phone. 1. According to a recent study by IDC Research, 80% of smartphone users check their phones within 15 minutes of waking up each morning. b. What on your phone is so important? i. Social media c. Social Media i. According to Dictionary.com, social media is consideredRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1297 Words à |à 6 PagesIn the twenty-first century, social media plays an extensive part in most peopleââ¬â¢s lives. Instagram, Twitter, and many other social networks can cause adverse psychological harm and even lead to physical harm. Although many may argue that social media pertains to be useful, there prove to be more harmful aspects rather than helpful aspects of these media sites. These effects are not only psychological, but they may also be physical. Not only do social networks cause depression, anxiety, and cyberbullyingRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1716 Words à |à 7 PagesTwitter, Instagram, and many other social media sites, these changed the way that we communicate with one another. Social platforms allow people to share events of their own lives, through posting photos, leaving comments, updating their status, and many others. For example, ââ¬Å"As of today, there are a little over 322 million people that live in the United States, 64% of whom own a smartphone. This means that approximately 206 million people have access to social media, anywhere at any time. FurthermoreRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1743 Words à |à 7 Pagesthese people are on their social media accounts. According to Brooke Lusk, the database and media manager for the Prevention Researcher, social media can be defined as, ââ¬Å"an aspect of the internet which allows individuals and groups to create and publish online content, share the content, and interact about it.â⬠These days, people are very involved with the internet and social media. Some think this is a benefit while others think this is a detriment for many reasons. Social media allows people to stayRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1651 Words à |à 7 PagesSocial Media Affects Typewriters to computers, telephones to smartphones, written letters to communicating through social media such as snapchat and instagram, demonstrates how times have changed with communication. The earlier generations growing up had to use their imaginations and creative minds in order to be entertained. Playing outside with friends, building forts, and playing school were some of the many favorite activities of children. Today, you see smartphones in the hands of young childrenRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media1719 Words à |à 7 Pagesyears, social media has become more advanced. From the way it allows us to reach out to those closest to us, to giving us updates on the latest news, social media has indeed left a great impact. Through social media, anyone online has been able to communicate efficiently with others. It helps broaden our knowledge and increase our self-esteem in many ways. It has assisted in connecting to anyone from specific age groups and environments simil ar to our own. However, with all that social media has assistedRead MoreSocial Media: Negative Effect1306 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Negative Effect of Social Media By Javoris Brown Critical Thinking Strayer University 2013 Social media is define as a type of communication that takes place online between individuals through user profiles or blogs. It allows the transfer of various information and files including pictures, audio recordings, and videos. Users are capable of interactions that donââ¬â¢t require face to face communications. Some users even utilize this type of media as a tool to stay connected to family Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-4410896175066806902020-05-05T18:33:00.001-07:002020-05-05T18:33:11.529-07:00Almarai USA Operation Management of Almarai Organisation Question: Discuss about the Operation Management of Almarai Organisation. Answer: Introduction This study has highlighted the operation management of Almarai, a dairy food industry of Saudi Arabia. This study has provided the overall input, transformation and the output functioning of the firm. In addition, this study is also helpful to identify the major operations performed by the organisation. In this connection, this study has also identified the competitive advantage of Almarai. On the other hand, this study is benefitted to evaluate the capacity planning, inventory management, supply chain measurement and the performance measurement of the mentioned organisation. Background of the organisation Almarai is belonging from the food industry, which has the specialisation in the manufacturing of dairy products. This organisation was established in the year of 1977. The headquarter of this organisation is at Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Initially, the organisation has a partnership with Irish agri foods pioneer Alastair McGuckian. In the year of 2005, Almarai has incorporated a new cheese plant. In 2007, Almarai has started their bakery business. In this connection, Almarai has started the construction of new bakery facility in Al Kharj (Almarai. 2016). This organisation has received several awards for its operations. In the year of 2009, Almarai has acquired HADCO. After that, Almarai has launched a new poultry brand namely, Alyoum. In addition, it can be mentioned that Almarai made a partnership with Pepsico in the year of 2009. This partnership also launched a joint venture with the Juice organisation and also with the International Dairy. As per the statement of Helleno et al. (2 015), it can be mentioned that major products of Almarai are dairy, Yogurt, Juices, poultry, bakeries and infant formula. Identification of the overall input, transformation and output operations of the firm Figure 1: Input-transformation-output process (Source: Jin et al. 2015) From the above figure, it can be observed that the overall production approach of an organisation can be performed by following three definite steps such as input, transformation and the output method. In this study, these three mentioned steps of the production process of dairy sector of Almarai has discussed in this context. As per the statement of Li, Li and Feng (2014), it can be mentioned that Almarai has used milk, colostrums, liquid milk products, fresh cream and also the thickened cream, butter, ghee, whey, butter milk powdered as the input materials to manufacture the best qualities dairy products. In this connection, it can be mentioned that this information has collected from the management of the organisation. The manufacturing head of Almarai has mentioned that the organisation used only the best qualities products in their production. In the words of Mohammadi, Soleymani and Mozafari (2014), this has increased the productivity of the dairy manufacturing organisation. Secondly, it can be stated that the location of Almarai is appropriate for getting the raw materials, which are required for the dairy manufacturing products. In this connection, Niknam, Golestaneh and Malekpour (2012) mentioned that position of the organisation is the key element for making a business successful. The head quarte r of Almarai is at Riyadh, which is the most populous city. Therefore, it can be predicted that the overall sales of the organisation would be increased. According to Parisio, Rikos and Glielmo (2016), it can be mentioned that in the transformation stage of the dairy production, Almarai has aimed to the food safety hazards program. As per this program, it can be stated that the organisation need to control the food safety hazards by formulating the documented food safety program. In addition, it is also required to follow several supporting programs. As per these programs, Almarai requires to keep the environment keep and clean. Therefore, it can be stated that the pests can be reduced in the manufacturing process. On the other hand, the organisation ensures that milk requires to cool and then requires to store at a certain temperature. This can prevent or can also reduce the growth of the microbiological hazards. In the words of Sedaghati and Kavousi-Fard (2014), it can be stated that Almarai requires to supervise the activities of the employees. In this connection, the organisation has aimed to the food safety and hygiene matters wi thin the organisation. Moreover, it can be opined that a dairy manufacturing business requires to focus to the controlling of time and temperature. The last stage of the production process can be considered as the output. In this case, Stoppato (2012) opined that Almarai has aimed to the packaging of the products. In this purpose, the organisation requires to focus to the weighing, sealing as well as on the labelling of the products. In the next stage, the organisation keeps the manufactured goods in the storage room for preventing the products from damage. Supply chain design: Supply chain design process is helpful to enhance the profitability and the shareholder valuation. The management of Almarai requires to follow the market and the sourcing strategies. This will generate the optimum financial performance. Supply chain design needs to manage the constraints and margins. By following these regulations and practices in their business, the management of the organisation can earn higher profitability. However, Flint, Signori and Golicic (2016) argued that there is uncertainty as well as risk in demand and supply and these are required to the organisation during the designing of supply chain (Waller and Fawcett 2013). On the other hand, Almarai needs to balance the short term and long-term plans and objectives. Therefore, it can be inferred that supply chain design requires to provide the organisation a detailed insights, which would shows how the demand can achieve the business profitability. In addition, with the help of supply chain designs, opportunitie s to increase the profit can be identified. Moreover, supply chain cost can reduce the consumer responsiveness. Figure 2: Supply chain design (Source: Flint, Signori and Golicic 2016) Identification of major operation areas and the competitive advantage According to Zhang, Shah and Papageorgiou (2013), it can be stated that operation areas are critical to the competitive advantage of an organisation. There are five major operational areas, which can gain the competitive advantage of Almarai. These operational areas are such as quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. In the point of Li, Li and Feng (2014), it can be mentioned that quality can enhance the competitive advantage of the organisation. As a result, it can be stated that the organisation can set out their targeted consumers. In addition, Almarai can reduce the price of their manufacturing goods. However, the speed aspect can deliver their products to the consumers more quickly. This aspect can also offer superior consumer services, which focus to the after sales services. Hence, it can be mentioned that the organisational risks can be reduced. Dependability is helpful to identify the level of stocks of the organisation. In order to measure the level of sock of the organisation, Almarai requires to improve the working conditions as well as the internal maintaining facilities. This would in turn save the money of the organisation due to the lack of disruption. As opined by Mohammadi, Soleymani and Mozafari (2014), it can be mentioned that workplace flexibility can be categorised into four sections such as product, mix of the goods, quantity and the delivery. Nevertheless, Parisio, Rikos and Glielmo (2016) questioned that product flexibility convert the rigid mass production towards the mass customisation in order to achieve the global requirements. Therefore, Almarai has focused to the quantity and the time of delivery in order to satisfy the consumers needs. This will improve the product development approach for the development of new products. Lastly, cost structure is the key measurement for the improvement of a business. According to Niknam, Golestaneh and Malekpour (2012), it can be mentioned that ideal cost structure of the manufacturing goods can increase the profitability of the business. Therefore, revenue earning of an organisation can be improved. Evaluate the performance of each area In order to measure the performance of quality, speed, flexibility, dependability and cost for gaining the competitive advantage, the organisation has used some specific tools such as capacity planning, inventory management, supply chain design and the quality management. Capacity planning is helpful to forecast the budget of a business in order to meet the present operations and can meet the business objectives. As a result, based on the predicted budget, Almarai can set out the price of the products and the quality aspect can be improved. Moreover, capacity planning is helpful to identify the future capacity needs. This will in turn increase the production of an organisation. It can monitor the cost structure of the manufactured goods. By following the inventory management, an organisation can increase the inventories as well as the level of stock. This would be benefitted for increase the functioning of dependability. This would generate the higher profitability within the organisation. On the other hand, Parisio, Rikos and Glielmo (2016) cited that supply chain management is a network, which can move the product from one stage to another. In addition, this can increase the customer service of the organisation. Therefore, it can be mentioned that Almarai aimed to improve the customer service of the organisation by delivering the products to the customers within the proposed date. Therefore, the speed aspect can perform successfully in order to gain the competitive advantage of an organisation. Recommendation After analysing the entire study, it can be recommended that Almarai requires to follow some relevant marketing dynamics such as speed, dependability, flexibility, cost and quality, which can gain the competitive advantage of the business. In this respect, it can be stated that if Almarai would not be able to deliver the products to the consumers, then the good will of the organisation towards the consumers would be declined. In this pount, it can be recommended that speed sustainable dimension would be benefitted. By following this sustainable dimension, the food industry can deliver the products to their clients within the proposed date. Moreover, the dairy farm has planned to set out the price of the product affordable. They used modern technology and updated techniques in the manudacturing process. As a result, it can be inferred that the quality of products would be improved. This would be helpful to gain the competitive advantage of the organisation. On the other hand, it can b e recommended that inventory and capacity management require to work effectively. In this respect, it can be stated that Almarai has the competitive advantage in the manufacturing of dairy products based on the level of stock. Capacity management can efficiently estimate this level of stock of an organisation. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the productivity of the organisation will be increased. In addition, the service quality of Almarai will be improved. Conclusion This study has highlighted the operation management of Almarai organisation of Saudi Arabia. In this purpose, this study has discussed the overall input, transformation and the output operation of the organisation. As a result, it can be understood what materials are used for the manufacturing process of the dairy products. On the other hand, this study has identified the competitive advantage. In this context, this study has mentioned how Almarai has achieved the competitive advantage through the operation management. Moreover, this study has described some quantitative techniques such as capacity management, inventory management, and supply chain management in order to solve the operation management challenges within the business. References Almarai. (2016).Almarai - About Almarai Company. Available at: https://www.almarai.com/en/about [Accessed 27 Dec. 2016]. Helleno, A.L., Pimentel, C.A., Ferro, R., Santos, P.F., Oliveira, M.C. and Simon, A.T., 2015. Integrating value stream mapping and discrete events simulation as decision making tools in operation management.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,80(5-8), pp.1059-1066. Jin, C., Djurdjanovic, D., Ardakani, H.D., Wang, K., Buzza, M., Begheri, B., Brown, P. and Lee, J., 2015, August. A comprehensive framework of factory-to-factory dynamic fleet-level prognostics and operation management for geographically distributed assets. In2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)(pp. 225-230). IEEE. Li, C.B., Li, P. and Feng, X., 2014. Analysis of wind power generation operation management risk in China.Renewable Energy,64, pp.266-275. Mohammadi, S., Soleymani, S. and Mozafari, B., 2014. Scenario-based stochastic operation management of microgrid including wind, photovoltaic, micro-turbine, fuel cell and energy storage devices.International Journal of Electrical Power Energy Systems,54, pp.525-535. Niknam, T., Golestaneh, F. and Malekpour, A., 2012. Probabilistic energy and operation management of a microgrid containing wind/photovoltaic/fuel cell generation and energy storage devices based on point estimate method and self-adaptive gravitational search algorithm.Energy,43(1), pp.427-437. Parisio, A., Rikos, E. and Glielmo, L., 2016. Stochastic model predictive control for economic/environmental operation management of microgrids: An experimental case study.Journal of Process Control,43, pp.24-37. Sedaghati, R. and Kavousi-Fard, A., 2014. A hybrid fuzzy-PEM stochastic framework to solve the optimal operation management of distribution feeder reconfiguration considering wind turbines.Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems,26(4), pp.1711-1721. Stoppato, A., 2012. Energetic and economic investigation of the operation management of an Organic Rankine Cycle cogeneration plant.Energy,41(1), pp.3-9. Zhang, D., Shah, N. and Papageorgiou, L.G., 2013. Efficient energy consumption and operation management in a smart building with microgrid.Energy Conversion and Management,74, pp.209-222. Flint, D.J., Signori, P. and Golicic, S.L., 2016. Supply Chain Design. InContemporary Wine Marketing and Supply Chain Management(pp. 117-129). Palgrave Macmillan US. Waller, M.A. and Fawcett, S.E., 2013. Data science, predictive analytics, and big data: a revolution that will transform supply chain design and management.Journal of Business Logistics,34(2), pp.77-84. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-25857689856949159822020-04-12T04:00:00.001-07:002020-04-12T04:00:04.143-07:00Human Prostate Essay ExampleHuman Prostate Essay 1 Introduction 1.1 The prostate The human prostate is a complex organ composed of glandular and non-glandular constructions, which are surrounded by a thin bed of connective tissue. It is located below the vesica and in forepart of the rectum, and surrounds the urethra. During embryogenesis, the prostate is formed through epithelial budding from the urogenital fistula, and undergoes extended ductal branch and ramification into the environing mesenchyme during pubescence. Prostate development during pubescence is regulated by male sex endocrines, in peculiar dihydrotestosterone. The prostate is a portion of the male generative system, but is non required for viability or birthrate. Its chief map is the secernment of the prostate fluid during interjection. Together with sperm cell and seminal cyst fluid, the prostate fluid constitutes the seeds and protects sperm from the sourness of the vaginal piece of land. A healthy grownup prostate has about the size and form of a walnut. The human prostate is really prone to pathology, particularly with progressing age. Expansion or hardening of the prostate, every bit good as elevated serum PSA degrees may bespeak upsets such as prostatitis, benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) or prostatic malignant neoplastic disease. Prostatitis is an redness of the prostate secretory organ that can ensue in hurting, micturition jobs and sexual disfunctions. Acute and chronic signifiers of prostatitis can be distinguished, and are related to increase in serum PSA degrees, which normally decrease to normal values after intervention. Benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH ) , characterized by increased proliferation of the prostate epithelial tissue and stroma, occurs spontaneously in work forces over the age of 30. A prevalence of about 100 % can be observed in work forces in their 9th decennary. The causes of BPH are mostly unknown, but there is a possible nexus to high fat diet, endocrines and household history. Although the symptoms of BPH resemble those of prostatic malignant neoplastic disease, it is non associated with prostate carcinoma and can be cured by medicine or surgery. BPH develops from the passage zone of the prostate, and its histological characteristics ( enlargement of the basal bed and extended stromal proliferation ) are distinguishable from those of prostatic malignant neoplastic disease. 1.2 Prostate malignant neoplastic disease, a soundless slayer We will write a custom essay sample on Human Prostate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Human Prostate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Human Prostate specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The fact that prostate malignant neoplastic disease is a complex and heterogenous disease unusually hampers its sensing, forecast and the elucidation of its causes. The exact incidences responsible for the oncoming of this malignance are hence still vague. However, owing to epidemiological surveies, some possible hazard factors could be assigned. They include hormonal instabilities, environmental influences, age, heredity, genetic sciences and nutrition. In general, one hazard factor entirely is non sufficient to trip prostatic malignant neoplastic disease, but the concurrency of assorted elements is necessary. Since most of the investigated prostate carcinomas do non demo the same familial changes, it is hard to specify the exact responsible events. In the industrialised universe, prostate glandular cancer is the most common malignance diagnosed in work forces, and its metastatic signifier represents the 2nd cause of cancer-related decease. Cancer statistics estimate that about 1 adult male out of 5 will be diagnosed with prostatic malignant neoplastic disease during his life-time, and merely one tierce of the diagnosed instances are deadly. Unfortunately, it is hard to foretell the result of a diagnosed prostate malignant neoplastic disease instance, because the class of the disease varies significantly from patient to patient. It is impossible to find whether the carcinoma will stay faineant or becomes clinically aggressive. Although most prostatic malignant neoplastic disease instances neer become deadly and the patients dice of other causes, prostate malignant neoplastic disease still does kill around 30000 work forces per twelvemonth in the United States harmonizing to the American Cancer Society5 The prostate malignant neoplastic disease incidence varies widely between states, which suggests the deduction of life style and dietetic factors in prostate malignant neoplastic disease development. The highest rates are observed in industrialised states, such as the United States and Western Europe, while South and East Asia display the lowest incidence rates4. In Austria, around 3700 new instances of prostate malignant neoplastic disease were registered in 1996, and in 2005, the incidence was more than 5000. However, since mortality in prostatic malignant neoplastic disease patients did non increase in this period, the rapid addition of ascertained prostate malignant neoplastic disease instances is ascribed to improved and earlier diagnosing by the intensive development and execution of the PSA testing trial. 1.3 Diagnostic methods for prostate malignant neoplastic disease Although prostate malignant neoplastic disease is non needfully lethal, early sensing and intervention is indispensable for a successful remedy. When diagnosed and treated in the initial, organ-confined phase, prostate malignant neoplastic disease has a singular remedy rate of more than 90 % . On the other manus, untreated prostate malignant neoplastic disease can progress to more aggressive signifiers, which invade and metastasize to other variety meats, and eventually ensue in decease. Therefore, considerable attempt has been put into the designation of predictive markers and development of effectual showing trials. A first indicant for prostate malignant neoplastic disease can be obtained by Digital Rectal Examination ( DRE ) and transrectal ultrasound ( TRUS ) , by which the status of the prostate is evaluated by its surface. Healthy prostate tissue is soft, whereas a malignant prostate appears instead difficult and frequently asymmetrical. 1.3.1 Serum PSA as index for prostate malignances The most widely spread testing method is the prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) trial. PSA is produced entirely by prostatic epithelial cells and released with the ejaculatory fluid. Small sums of PSA can be traced in the blood, and elevated serum PSA degrees can bespeak prostatic redness, infection or malignant neoplastic disease. The PSA trial measures the sum of PSA in the blood in ng/mL, and a value of up to 4 ng/mL is considered to be normal for work forces of age around 60. However, since the PSA degree additions with age, PSA values of more than 4.5 ng/ml for work forces over 70 are besides considered to be normal. Therefore, it is besides of import to detect the addition of PSA degrees over clip. False positive ( elevated PSA degree, but no malignant neoplastic disease ) or false negative consequences ( normal PSA degree, but malignant neoplastic disease ) are the major disadvantages of the PSA trial ; hence, a subsequent acerate leaf biopsy is obligatory to decidedly govern out the presence of malignant neoplastic disease when the PSA degree is high. Alternatively, for better indicant of prostate malignant neoplastic disease, the ratio of free PSA to number PSA is measured. Malignant prostate cells produce more complexed PSA, i.e. PSA edge to other proteins in the blood. A low degree of free PSA in relation to entire PSA ( free + bound PSA ) might bespeak a cancerous prostate, whereas a high degree of free PSA compared to entire PSA might bespeak a normal prostate, BPH or prostatitis. 1.3.2 Tumor biopsy and histological scaling In order to govern out the type of malignant neoplastic disease, its location and phase of development, cell samples from several countries of the prostate are extracted with a biopsy acerate leaf and graded harmonizing to the Gleason scaling system. The Gleason scaling system assesses specific characteristics, such as the glandular construction, size and form, every bit good as the grade of invasion, and evaluates the prostate malignant neoplastic disease cells on a graduated table between 1 and 5 ( Figure 1 ) . A higher Gleason grade indicates a more aggressive and advanced malignant neoplastic disease. Gleason grade 1 and 2 represent well-differentiated malignant neoplastic disease cells with regular forms and chiseled boundaries that still resemble healthy prostate cells. The most common Gleason class is Gleason class 3 and depict cells that are moderately-differentiated. Gleason grade 4 and 5 correspond to poorly-differentiated malignant neoplastic disease cells with ill defined boundaries and bespeak a more aggressive malignant neoplastic disease. Since cancerous prostates are outstandingly heterogenous and consist of countries with different classs, a combined Gleason mark is necessary for a more exact theatrical production of the malignant neoplastic disease. The combined Gleason mark represents the amount of the two most common classs within a tumour. For illustration, if the most common form is grade 4, and the 2nd most common form grade 3, the combined Gleason mark is 7 ( i.e. 4+3 ) . Harmonizing to the Gleason mark, the tumour is so defined as well-differentiated ( Gleason score 2 4 ) , moderately-differentiated ( Gleason score 5 -6 ) or poorly-differentiated ( Gleason score 7 10 ) . In general, a lower combined Gleason mark indicates a less aggressive malignant neoplastic disease, whereas a higher Gleason mark signifies a more aggressive malignant neoplastic disease with hapless forecast for long-run endurance. Cancers with a high Gleason mark are more likely to hold already metastasized to other variety meats at the clip of diagnosing. Figure 1: Conventional diagram of the Gleason scaling system Conventional diagram of the Gleason scaling system ( courtesy of Dr. D.F. Gleason, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Integrated design courtesy of Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center 1.4 The class of prostate malignant neoplastic disease Most prostatic tumours grow really easy and remain faineant for many old ages, such that the bulk of work forces diagnosed with prostate malignant neoplastic disease dice of other causes than prostatic malignant neoplastic disease. The clinical class of prostatic malignant neoplastic disease is characterized by several phases ( Figure 2 ) . Potential precursor lesions, referred to as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia ( PIN ) , can be observed in work forces already in their mid-twentiess, and their incidence additions with patient age. Although there is no definite grounds for PIN being the precursor of prostate malignant neoplastic disease, it is considered to be closely related to it. Most normally, PIN lesions arise in the peripheral zone of the prostate, with secretory epithelial cells get downing to turn in an uncontrolled mode, organizing little bunchs of malignant neoplastic disease cells. The clumps consist of luminal epithelial cells with atomic and structural atypia, but integral basal cell bed and cellar membrane. The multifocal nature and chromosomal abnormalcies of PIN lesions resemble those of invasive carcinoma. Since PIN lesions do non bring forth increased degrees of serum PSA, they can be detected merely in biopsy samples, and non through blood proving. Two signifiers of PIN can be distinguished harm onizing to their badness low class ( LG ) and high class ( HG ) PIN. Slowly, but increasingly, high class PIN lesions farther develop to invasive carcinoma, with cancerous cells distributing into the stroma around the prostate tissue. This is facilitated by the loss of the basal epithelial tissue. By and large, the visual aspect of HG PIN precedes the visual aspect of invasive carcinoma by at least 10 old ages. The concluding measure is the acquisition of the ability to last in the absence of androgens. The ab initio hormone-responsive malignant neoplastic disease cells become androgen independent and invade proximate variety meats ( e.g. seminal cysts or the rectum ) , or metastasise via the blood stream or the lymphatic system to more distant variety meats. The most common sites of metastasis are castanetss, lymph nodes, rectum and vesica. Clinically, morphologically and molecular genetically, prostate malignant neoplastic disease shows extensive heterogeneousness. One cancerous secretory organ can incorporate non-cancerous cells every bit good as multiple malignant focal point, and tumours of the same phase can demo unusually different clinical classs. 1.4.1 Prostate malignant neoplastic disease induction Much attempt has been put into clarifying the factors responsible for the oncoming of prostate malignant neoplastic disease. However, the exact events associated with prostate malignant neoplastic disease induction still remain mostly unknown. Many hypotheses are based on chronic infection or chronic inflammatory diseases, which are thought to be the cause of approximately 20 % of all human malignant neoplastic diseases, including prostate malignant neoplastic disease, . Exposure to environmental factors, viral or bacterial infective agents or dietetic carcinogens, every bit good as hormonal instabilities, can take to prostate tissue harm. Subsequently, as an effort to renew lost or injured tissue, prostate epithelial cells proliferate at a higher rate, giving rise to a lesion called proliferative inflammatory wasting ( PIA ) . PIA is non merely characterized by increased cell proliferation, but besides by extended infiltration of inflammatory cells. PIA is thought to be a possible precursor of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia ( PIN ) , and hence considered as a precancerous lesion. The hypothesis that PIA and PIN are precursors to prostate malignant neoplastic disease is supported by the fact that both lesions derive fr om the peripheral zone, like prostate carcinoma, and are found in many extremist prostatectomy samples. Another hypothesis for prostate malignant neoplastic disease induction proposes unbalanced interaction between smooth musculus and epithelial tissue. Homeostatic epithelial/stromal interactions play an indispensable function in the growing of the normal prostate, whereas break of this homeostasis has been found in the neoplastic prostate. Familial harm in the prostate epithelial tissue potentially leads to interrupt signaling to the next stroma, which in bend, fails to signal suitably back to the epithelial tissue. Therefore, ordinance of prostatic epithelial growing and distinction is increasingly lost, ensuing in uncontrolled proliferation that contributes to tumorigenesis. Other hypotheses propose the deduction of prostate malignant neoplastic disease primogenitor cells with root cell belongingss. These primogenitor cells, which make out merely 0,1 % of the entire prostate cells, are thought to be present in a prostate root cell niche at the cellar membrane of the prostate secretory organ and can be characterized by several root cell markers, such as CD133, root cell antigen ( Sca-1 ) or prostatic root cell antigen ( PSCA ) . They besides have basal cell features, such as androgen-independency due to miss of AR, and look K5, K14, p63, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and telomerase. The primogenitor cells are thought to bring forth intermediate cells that farther differentiate to neuroendocrine and luminal secretory epithelial cells. Deregulated signaling in these multipotent root cells or the intermediate cells perchance affects their distinction and consequences in limitless cell division and reduced programmed cell death. 1.4.2 Prostate malignant neoplastic disease patterned advance The trademark of advanced prostate malignant neoplastic disease is the passage from androgen-dependence to androgen-independence. Like the normal prostate, early phases of prostate malignant neoplastic disease require the presence of androgen for development, growing and endurance. The chief androgen circulating in the serum is testosterone. In the prostate epithelial tissue, testosterone is converted by the enzyme 5-a-reductase to its metabolic signifier dihydrotestosterone ( DHT ) , and exerts its physiological map through the androgen receptor ( AR ) , a member of the steroid endocrine superfamily of ligand-activated receptors. The pioneering work of Huggins and Hodges has shown that prostate malignant neoplastic disease is inhibited by riddance of androgen. As a effect, androgen extirpation therapy has been established as an efficient intervention option for early disease phases. In contrast, tumour cells are feasible in low androgen degrees in advanced or stubborn disease, which renders hormone extirpation therapy at ulterior phases ineffective. Despite extended probe, the mechanisms taking to androgen-independent disease are still non to the full understood. It is ill-defined whether the ability to proliferate and last in the absence of androgen is acquired by tumour cells in advanced phases of the disease, or whether emasculation degrees of androgen enforce a selective force per unit area and supply a growing advantage for tumour cells that are already androgen-independent for some ground. Sing the root cell hypothesis for malignant neoplastic disease, it is proposed that the prostate malignant neoplastic disease root or primogenitor cells are capable of continuously providing the tumour with limitless cell populations by distinguishing into androgen-dependent every bit good as androgen-independent cells, therefore supplying tumour stuff that is non affected by androgen-depletion therapy. Most surveies, though, were focused on androgen and its blood relation receptor, uncovering abundant information on their possible functions in the class of the disease, . However, the acquisition of androgen-independence is besides possible through mechanisms that wholly bypass androgen map. Ligand-independent mechanisms that induce AR signaling indirectly include cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, and neuropeptides released by neuroendocrine cells. The presence of neuroendocrine cells has been shown to be frequent in androgen-refractory prostate malignant neoplastic disease, and their tumor-promoting consequence is based on the secernment of neuropeptides such as 5-hydroxytryptamine or bombesin, which can increase the proliferation of neighbouring cells, leting them to turn in a low-androgen environment. It has been shown that secretory proteins from neuroendocrine cells can increase the degrees of active AR and bring on the NF-kB tract in LNCaP cells. A mechanism taking to androgen independency, but wholly short-circuiting the AR tract, is the acquisition of opposition to apoptosis by prostate malignant neoplastic disease cells.. This can be attained through several mechanisms, such as overexpression of anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 household, loss or mutant of p53 map, inactivation of PTEN and subsequent activation of the PI3K/Akt tract, every bit good as overexpression of inhibitors of programmed cell death ( IAPs ) . Other factors, such as tumour hypoxia, increased autocrine and paracrine release of growing factors ( EGF, IGF, TGF- A ; Atilde ; Y1 ) , every bit good as cytokines and inflammatory go-betweens such as TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 besides lead to apoptosis equivocation. 1.5 Curative options Initially, when the growing of the prostate tumour is localized and dependent on androgens, patients can be efficaciously treated by androgen-deprivation. The handiness of testosterone, which prostate malignant neoplastic disease cells need to turn, can be reduced by surgery ( extremist or partial prostatectomy ) , emasculation ( hormonal therapy ) , or radiation therapy. In most of the instances, a arrested development of the tumour can be achieved, and the remittals normally last 2 to 3 old ages ( Zitat ) . However, active surveillance by regular DRE and PSA trials, every bit good as periodic biopsies are necessary to carefully track for marks of disease patterned advance, because in the bulk of instances, recurrent tumours arise. They are normally more aggressive and accompanied by unsuitably restored androgen signaling and androgen-independence, doing androgen-deprivation therapy ineffective. Chemotherapy is non the primary therapy for prostate malignant neoplastic disease, but instead an option when the malignant neoplastic disease has metastasized to other parts of the organic structure. Unfortunately, it is non really efficient and hence, recurrent and metastasized prostate malignant neoplastic disease is considered as incurable with a life anticipation of 16-18 months. 1.6 Familial alterations happening in prostate malignant neoplastic disease On the molecular degree, the development of prostate malignant neoplastic disease is a complex and multi-step procedure, necessitating the interaction of several events, such as mutants, cistron elaboration, overexpression of transforming genes or loss of tumour suppresser cistrons. Since prostate tumours are heterogenous, they can incorporate multiple focal point that are genotypically distinguishable from each other, exposing benign secretory organs, preneoplastic lesion ( PIN ) every bit good as neoplastic focal point in one tumour. Therefore, it is hard to find the exact molecular participants involved in the induction and each measure of disease patterned advance, although legion surveies have been focused on this issue. So far, no specific prostatic malignant neoplastic disease cistron has been identified, but epidemiological surveies have revealed some cistrons that appear often in familial prostate malignant neoplastic disease, such as ELAC2, cistrons interceding the host r esponse to infections ( e.g. RNASEL and MSR1 ) , or cell rhythm checkpoint cistrons ( e.g. NBS1, CHEK2 ) . However, they seem to be non merely restricted to familial prostate malignant neoplastic disease, but have been reported to be implicated in sporadic prostate malignant neoplastic disease every bit good. Therefore, it is non possible to separate between familial and sporadic disease on the molecular degree, or to delegate high prostate malignant neoplastic disease hazard cistrons . However, most prostate malignant neoplastic diseases are sporadic and expose a battalion of familial alterations, including polymorphisms, bodily mutants and chromosomal abnormalcies. Polymorphisms are non merely associated with an increased susceptibleness to develop prostatic disease, but besides with advanced prostate malignant neoplastic disease. The most of import and most frequent polymorphism happening in prostatic malignant neoplastic disease patients affects the androgen receptor polyglutamine repetitions [ ( CAG ) n ] , which have been reported to be significantly shortened specifically in high class and metastatic prostate malignant neoplastic disease, , . In advanced prostate malignant neoplastic disease, besides the cistrons for the vitamin D receptor, p21 and p27 have been reported to be affected by polymorphisms. Mutants have been found in legion familial venue, and characteristic chromosomal changes are associated with each disease phase. They affect cistrons that play of import functions in different signaling tracts, and by and large result either in inactivation of tumour suppresser cistrons or over-activation of transforming genes. 1.6.1 Genes modulating normal prostate development 1.6.1.1 The androgen receptor is required for steroid hormone action The androgen receptor is a member of the superfamily of ligand-activated steroid receptors. Its functional spheres consist of an N-terminal sphere interceding the transcriptional activity, a DNA-binding sphere ( DBD ) , a flexible joint part and a C-terminal ligand-binding sphere ( LBD ) . The N-terminal sphere contains a transcriptional activation part ( AF-1 ) and is responsible for interaction with co-regulators ( co-activators and co-repressors ) . It contains long poly-glutamine and poly-glycine repetitions, which undergo important shortening in aggressive malignant neoplastic diseases 21. The DNA-binding sphere contains a cysteine-rich part with two zinc-fingers, and recognizes androgen-responsive elements ( AREs ) on the foil parts of AR-target cistrons. The hinge part of the AR includes a atomic translocation signal, every bit good as phosphorylation and acetylation sites. And eventually, the C-terminal sphere contains a 2nd transcriptional activation part ( AF-2 ) and is res ponsible for ligand binding. In the absence of endocrine, the AR is chiefly located in the cytol and is inactivated through binding to heat daze proteins ( HSPs ) . Binding of endocrine to the LBD evokes AR conformation alterations, phosphorylation, dimerization, dissociation from HSPs and translocation to the karyon, where it binds to the AREs of AR-regulated cistrons. Additionally, a composite of co-activators and co-repressors, every bit good as chromatin remodeling proteins are required for ordinance of the AR transcriptional activity. 1.6.1.2 Nkx3.1 is the earliest known marker for prostate epithelial tissue Nkx3.1 encodes a extremely prostate-specific homeobox cistron that is critical for all facets of a functional prostate. It is associated with each phase of prostate development, runing from embryologic prostate formation and ripening to adult map and individuality. Nkx3.1 is the earliest known molecular marker of the prostate epithelial tissue and purely governs the most initial stairss of prostate formation. It is hypothesized that Nkx3.1 look provides a pre-determination of the urogenital fistula epithelial tissue into distinguishable prostate and non-prostatic parts during embryogenesis, and steadfastly regulates early postpartum ductal morphogenesis. Furthermore, it is required for secretory protein production and regulates prostate epithelial cell proliferation for care of the differentiated province of the normal prostate. Within the prostate, Nkx3.1 look is restricted to the karyon of luminal epithelial cells, but is absent in radical epithelial cells, which are found between the luminal cells and the cellar membrane. Its look in the prostate epithelial tissue precedes that of the AR, but the subsequent care of Nkx3.1 protein degrees is dependent on AR signaling. It has been shown that Nkx3.1 look is significantly down-regulated after emasculation or androgen-depletion ; nevertheless, the mechanisms for the ordinance of Nkx3.1 look by AR signaling are ill-defined. Like other written text factors, Nkx3.1 binds to downstream mark cistrons through specific consensus sequences in order to modulate their look. However, the exact mechanisms ( adhering as a monomer or as a dimer ) and the individuality of regulated cistrons are mistily known. Potential mark cistrons are smooth musculus a-actin ( SMA ) and prostate-specific antigen ( PSA ) . Besides its function in the normal prostate as the drive force for ductal branch and secretory protein production, Nkx3.1 is supposed to hold tumour suppresser maps, although it is non defined as a authoritative tumour suppresser cistron. Alternatively, it appears to instead forestall the induction of prostate malignant neoplastic disease by equilibrating between cell proliferation and cell decease. Nkx3.1 provides a molecular nexus between the mechanisms that control normal prostatic distinction and those that lead to uncontrolled epithelial proliferation during carcinogenesis. 1.6.2 Genes involved in induction and early phases of prostate malignant neoplastic disease 1.6.2.1 Loss of Nkx3.1 map is associated with prostate malignant neoplastic disease induction The human Nkx3.1 cistron maps to the minimum part of chromosome 8p21, a prostate malignant neoplastic disease hot topographic point , which undergoes allelomorphic omission in 60-80 % of prostate tumours, , , . Loss of Nkx3.1 map is associated with prostate malignant neoplastic disease induction and occurs every bit early as in PIN lesions. As Nkx3.1 is indispensable for normal development and map of the prostate, its inactivation consequences in defects in canal formation and secretory protein production. Furthermore, the ordinance of prostatic epithelial cell proliferation is disrupted, taking to the development of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia that increases in badness with progressing age, as has been modeled in transgenic mice by targeted silencing of Nkx3.1, . At nowadays, merely allelomorphic omission of the venue incorporating Nkx3.1 has been found in human prostate tumours, but there is no grounds for the presence of mutants in the coding sequence of the staying Nkx3.1 transcript. Rather, loss of Nkx3.1 map consequences from epigenetic inactivation through loss of protein look during prostatic malignant neoplastic disease development. Despite the fact that loss of Nkx3.1 map is a predisposing factor for developing prostatic malignant neoplastic disease, this event entirely is non sufficient to drive tumorigenesis. It is instead hypothesized that collaborating events such as loss of other tumour suppresser cistrons like PTEN, are necessary to originate malignant neoplastic disease. 1.6.2.2 Overexpression of c-myc contributes to tumorigeneity and androgen-independence C-myc is a critical regulator of development, distinction and cell growing, and its mark cistrons are involved in many cellular maps such as cell rhythm, programmed cell death, protein synthesis, and cell metamorphosis. The c-myc protein contains a possible transactivation sphere within its N-terminus and a helix-loop-helix leucine slide fastener ( HLH/LZ ) sphere with a dimerization site at its C-terminal terminal. C-myc action is regulated through binding of Mad/Max proteins, Amplification of the human chromosome 8q24, which contains the c-myc cistron, is one of the most common familial changes happening in a broad assortment of malignant neoplastic diseases. Increased c-myc protein and activity have been found in a important per centum of prostate tumours ( 11-40 % ) , , in all phases of the disease runing from PIN to more advanced and metastatic malignant neoplastic disease, . Besides elaboration of the c-myc venue, besides chromosomal translocations or point mutants of the c-myc cistron lead to increased activation of c-myc. However, the precise functional function of c-myc in prostate malignant neoplastic disease is non to the full understood. It has been shown that c-myc is able to bring on telomerase activity, which is required for care of telomere length, and therefore contributes to the immortality of tumour cells. This confers a proliferative advantage to malignant cells by leting them to turn under limited growing factor conditions. Furthermore, it has been proposed that the AR regulates c-myc at a posttranscriptional degree, and that c-myc is required for androgen-dependent growing at early malignant neoplastic disease phases. At subsequently phases, c-myc perchance contributes to androgen-independent growing of prostate malignant neoplastic disease cells, which is indicated by the presence of significantly increased c-myc elaboration after anti-androgen intervention and the growing of androgen-dependent LNCaP cells without androgen stimulationz. With enhanced c-myc activity, the cells are able to get the better of the cell rhythm obstruction imposed by the suppression of AR signaling. Several lines of grounds have shown that overexpression of c-myc alone is sufficient to bring on PIN and prostatic malignant neoplastic disease in transgenic mice, . However, the effects of c-myc seem to be contradictory, because on the one manus, it drives cell proliferation and contributes to tumorigenesis, but on the other manus, it has pro-apoptotic activity, peculiarly in limited growing factor conditions. However, other endurance signals and secondary cooperating effects can short-circuit programmed cell death driven by c-myc overexpression. A proposed cooperating molecular event implicated in the patterned advance of c-myc-driven prostate malignant neoplastic disease is loss of Nkx3.1. Both events are proposed to complement each other and appear at different clip points during the passage from PIN to malignant neoplastic disease in a mouse theoretical account 39. This is besi Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-51781084678584155752020-03-10T16:20:00.001-07:002020-03-10T16:20:03.466-07:00Human Research Management at Infosys CorporationHuman Research Management at Infosys Corporation Infosys is a global information technology service provider with its headquarters in India. With the rapid rates of its growth and the changing environmental factors, the human resource department faced the challenges of the increased rates of turnover caused by the reduced employeesââ¬â¢ satisfaction with their working conditions.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Research Management at Infosys Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will discuss the main precursors of the employeesââ¬â¢ dissatisfaction and turnover and the measures which were imposed by the human resource department for the purpose of building the employeesââ¬â¢ competencies, retaining the skillful workforce, increasing the levels of their engagement and translating it into the improved performance. Summary of the case Having been ranked as the no. 1 in the Best Employer Surveys in 2001 and 2002, Infosys topple d from these lists and reported a significant decrease in the employeeââ¬â¢s satisfaction and commitment in 2003. Recognizing the role of human resources in the companyââ¬â¢s organizational success, the top management investigated the main underlying causes of the existing problems and took measures for improving the current state of affairs. Created in 1981 by Narayana Murthy and his six colleagues with borrowed $ 250, after the decades of its hard struggle against the bureaucratic environment and near to death survival, the company was growing at a rapid rate since 1999. The shift from body-shopping to offshoring, moving up the IT value chain, improving the companyââ¬â¢s brand equity and ensuring that the company is the employer of choice for the best potential employees, Infosys managed to overcome the difficulties occurring at the initial stage of its development. Ensuring that the salaries of their employees were about 15-20 % higher than offered by the competitors and developing a deep understanding of the workersââ¬â¢ attitudes, the company created favorable working environment. As it was admitted by the companyââ¬â¢s HR manager, ââ¬Å"There are three ways in which we add value to the employee: learning value-add through training, emotional value-add through the work environment, and financial value-add through compensation and benefitsâ⬠(Delong 6). At early 2000s, the skyrocketing number of employees and the external challenges in the form of the US restrictions on the visas for business purposes decreased the employeesââ¬â¢ satisfaction and commitment which required the changes in the human resource strategies for handling the issues of the high turnover rates and improving the performance. Value-add through training Realizing the importance of introducing the employees into the Infosys culture, the company developed separate training programs for the college graduates coming to the company as their first working place and the employees coming to Infosys from other companies.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The emphasis upon learnability instead of strong IT backgrounds in the candidates for fulfilling the vacancies allowed Infosys to hire promising specialists and take the advantages of effective hiring processes which was complimented with the following training programs (Birkinshaw 20). Nurturing the talent and competencies was recognized as one of the primary objectives at Infosys in the organizational report of 2008-09 (ââ¬Å"Infosys Sustainability Report 2008-09â⬠). The enrollment of the employees into the training programs aimed at enhancing their professional, leadership and sustainability knowledge has become a common practice at the company. The Special Training Program is a new initiative at Infosys which through the partnership with the Indian universities and balancing their curricula builds the necessary competencies in the students from the socially disadvantaged sectors. This solution can be recognized as an important contribution to the future hiring processes as the company. Value-add through the work environment Along with the training programs aimed at building the competencies in the employees, Infosys takes the initiatives for creating the favorable working environment within the company. The goal of preserving the position of one of the leading employers in the industry was proclaimed as one of the business objectives at Infosys in the organizational report of 2008-09 (ââ¬Å"Infosys Sustainability Report 2008-09â⬠). As it was reported in 2008-09, the programs such as STRAP (Strategic and Action Planning), Voice of Youth (VoY) and Infosys Women Inclusivity (IWIN) are aimed at increasing the employeesââ¬â¢ involvement into the decision making processes and creating the favorable working environment and giving serious co nsideration to the diverse needs of the employeesââ¬â¢ population. The attempts to support employees with physical disabilities have been made since 2006 when the Equal Opportunities Team was created (ââ¬Å"Infosys Sustainability Report 2008-09â⬠). Moreover, the Family Network Program was launched for the purpose of supporting the employees in balancing their work-personal life issues. Another important objective was facilitating the employee-employer dialogue which was achieved through conducting meetings and surveys focused on the employeesââ¬â¢ inclusivity and satisfaction. Sparsh as the companyââ¬â¢s intranet allowed fostering the feeling of community and inclusivity among the workforce, whereas Infy TV as the first corporate TV channel in India allowed creating a strong communication platform.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Research Management at Infosys Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The strategies aimed at improving the working environment were helpful for improving the employeesââ¬â¢ satisfaction with their working conditions. Still, the rates of turnover at Infosys remained enormously high and reached 14, 568 employees leaving the company during the year 2009 (with the 104,850 as the total number of employees in 2009) (Dey 45). Value-add through compensation Turning the employeesââ¬â¢ competencies and engagement into high performance is an important element of the human resource strategy at Infosys. Infosys was one of the first Indian companies to offer the stock options to its employees in 1994 for the purpose of retaining the brightest workforce and reducing the risks of losing them to the US competitors. However, with the skyrocketing number of employees in early 2000s, Infosys replaced its stock options with the higher levels of incentive pay (Birkinshaw 19). Currently, employees can associate their pay with their individual and c orporate performance. Another significant improvement was the change of the promotion model. The promotion policy linked to the specific needs of the organization was one of the major causes of the employeesââ¬â¢ dissatisfaction (Delong 9). Developing clear role definitions and the performance assessment scales was a significant step forward in solving this problem. Additional factor aimed at stimulating the employeesââ¬â¢ improved performance is the highly competitive working place. Thus, after the performance assessments are completed, every individual is informed on his/her place within the peer group. Combining the collaborative approach with competitive environment within Infosys is expected to foster the workersââ¬â¢ motivation and improving their performance. Conclusion Recognizing the importance of retaining the skillful workforce and adopting the effective hiring strategies for the companyââ¬â¢s business performance, Infosys has been making attempts to improve t he working environment, training and compensation patterns for increasing the employeesââ¬â¢ satisfaction since the early 2000s. Though the turnover rates within the company still remained rather high as it was reported in 2009, the measures taken for improving the environment, facilitating the employee-employer dialogue and improving the workersââ¬â¢ motivation and engagement were important for improving the existing situation.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Birkinshaw, Julian. ââ¬Å"Infosys: Computing the Power of Peopleâ⬠. Business Strategy Review, Winter 2008, 19(4): 18-23. Print. Delong, Thomas. ââ¬Å"Infosys (A): Strategic Human Resource Managementâ⬠. Harvard Business School, 16 Oct. 2006, Print. Dey, Subhendu. ââ¬Å"Employee Retention- A Key to Organizational Growthâ⬠. Globsyn Business School, January-June 2009, 3(1): 45- 49. Print. ââ¬Å"Infosys Sustainability Report 2008-09â⬠. Infosys Corporate Site, 31 March 2009. Web. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-62330887739967601812020-02-23T06:46:00.001-08:002020-02-23T06:46:02.170-08:00Hospital Birth vs. Home Birth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsHospital Birth vs. Home Birth - Essay Example Discussion NCT (2008) states that, ââ¬Å"In the 1950ââ¬â¢s the majority of pregnant women in United Kingdom delivered their babies at homeâ⬠(p.2). The ratio of midwives and women who were knowledgeable in midwifery to the general population was higher compared to the past decade. Most middle aged women had experience in midwifery having assisted in child delivery of a family member of a friend. At the time, home birth was considered reasonably safe and without concerns of overcrowding and fatigue. NCT (2008) continues to state that, ââ¬Å"Trends gradually changed in the 1970ââ¬â¢s towards the 80ââ¬â¢s as hospital births increased in frequency and numbers. By the 1990ââ¬â¢s home births had reduced significantly to about 1% (p.2).â⬠In recent times this percentage has increased to 2.68% as popularity and campaigns for home births have increased. ACOG (2011) notes that ââ¬Å"Most governments require that recommendations be made to pregnant women to have a choic e of their desired place of birthing.â⬠A medical professional can evaluate and examine a pregnant woman and suggest a place of birth for the woman explaining his or her recommendation based on medical grounds to her. The key factors to be considered when choosing between home birth and hospital birth are the safety of the procedure, the sense of security of the mother and the level or sense of control. According to ACOG (2011), ââ¬Å"Women who inquire on planned home births at medical facilities should be adequately informed of its benefits and possible risks.â⬠This information should be based on current and documented evidence. The advising party should clearly note to the mother that although the possible risks associated with home birth may be minimal, home birth is closely associated with increased risk of neo natal death. The risk of neo natal death is two to three fold that of hospital birth. To achieve a successful and reduced-risk planned home birth, the woman r equires selecting suitable candidates for the home birth. ââ¬Å"A nurse certified in midwifery, physician or midwife who is qualified and aptly practices within regulations set by the local medical body should be availableâ⬠(ACOG, 2011). The intended candidate should also be available for consultations. Safe, easy and timely access to a hospital or medical facility should be possible at the slightest chance of complications occurring. An easy access to hospital should provide contingency in case complications develops and the mother and or infant require emergency medical attention. ACOG (2011) states, ââ¬Å"At present, the United States records an approximate figure of 25,000 home births annually.â⬠From this figure, a quarter of the births is not attended to and is unplanned due to the spontaneity or unexpected labor. On average, the fraction of women who initially plan and intend to deliver at a hospital, those women who fail to make provisions for the attendance of a certified medical professional in midwifery, and unplanned homebirths record high rates and instances of neo natal and pre natal deaths. Women should plan for any eventuality and sudden changes in original or intended plans. The lack of transport to the designated/ planned hospital may warrant a home birth. In case no provisions were made to equip the home or vicinity/ surrounding with equipment and tools of delivery, the woman runs the risk of infection to Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-5130643165096998412020-02-06T23:34:00.001-08:002020-02-06T23:34:02.560-08:00Lung Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsLung Cancer - Essay Example Lung cancer originates in the lungs. Cancer is a disease that is usually associated with the wild growth of abnormal cells. In lung cancer, abnormal cells grow in an uncontrolled way in both or one of the lungs. Due to the fact that the cells are abnormal, they do not develop into healthy tissues and do not play any roles similar to those of normal lung cells. As abnormal cells continue to grow, they develop into a large mass known as a tumor. In a case where the tumor is located in the lungs, it can interfere with the lungs normal functions. DNA, which is a genetic component found in cells is contained in all body cells. Duplication of DNA occurs every time a mature cell divides to form new cells. For this reason, the new cells also contain DNA. Cells that are formed from the division of a mature cell are identical to the original cell in all ways. In the case where the cells are abnormal, this is usually related to a DNA error or mutation. This is usually the case in cancer. A lung cancer cell is a result of a series of mutations. Cells undergoing mutation can still function as normal cells; during this stage, the cells are said to be precancerous. With time, the cells become cancerous and it is during this time that they stop functioning as normal cells of the lungs. Lung cancer may be primary or secondary. This is usually determined by the point of origin of the growth of abnormal cells. This is because in some cases, cells travel from the original tumor to other parts of the body and continue growing there. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-6005359995638109882020-01-29T02:07:00.001-08:002020-01-29T02:07:03.677-08:00Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Essay Example for Free Corporate Governance and Ethical Responsibility Essay 1. Determine at least three different internal and external stakeholders that Dr. DoRight might have to deal with on a daily basis at the hospital. Stakeholders are individuals who are involved in, have a vested interest in, or a ââ¬Å"stakeâ⬠in the success of an organization (Merriam-Webster, 2011), such as a hospital. Dr. DoRight is an influential decision maker as the President of the Universal Human Care Hospital and it is important for him to consider how his decisions and actions affect the stakeholders of the hospital. In the course of his daily activities Dr. Do Right will interact and impact many of the hospitalââ¬â¢s internal and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are be committed to an organizationââ¬â¢s success. Often internal stakeholders will participate in the strategic development of coordinating resources to fund and sustain an operation. Examples of internal stakeholders which Dr. DoRight might engage daily would be: Director of Public Health, Head of Health Intelligence and Information, Director of Nursing, Public Health Strategists, Vice President of Human Relations or Members of the Board of Trustees (Markwell, 2010). External stakeholders are not directly connected to the organization; however, they are vested in the hospitalââ¬â¢s success as clients, business or community partners. These stakeholders have influence over organizational activities by contributing their views and experiences related to issues which are important to them. Medical providers or suppliers, Patient Advocacy Groups, Quality Assessors, the Media, and Heads of Local Community and Special Interest Groups are examples of external stakeholders Dr. DoRight may deal with on a daily basis (Markwell, 2010). 2. Compare and contrast potential conflicts of interest that may exist between the internal and external stakeholders. Conflicts of interest exist between the hospitalââ¬â¢s internal and external stakeholders. Medical providers such as, staffed research doctors or pharmaceutical manufactures want to provide the ââ¬Ëbestââ¬â¢ wellness plan by providing cutting-edge tests, treatments and medications which are likely to be more expensive to the payer or patients. Payers, such as insurance providers and private paying patients, would prefer a more cost effective approach to wellness with accurate diagnosis and treatments with fewer visits and tests (Wiseman, 2005). Although internal and external stakeholders may have different priorities, they will share common objectives. All stakeholders will share common ambitions for Universal Human Care Hospital to provide quality medical services to its patients. Additionally, all stakeholders will appreciate the hospitals efforts to improve the quality of life for the community it directly serves. (Markwell, 2010). 3. Discuss whether Dr. DoRight has fulfilled his ethical duty by reporting the illegal procedures. Dr. DoRight has reported the illegal procedures and patents dying due to negligent supervision and oversight to his Regional Director, Compliance Manager, as well as an Executive Committee in January 2009, but he has not fulfilled his ethical duty. As a doctor it is his responsibility to protect all patients from criminal acts including the illegal procedures and negligent supervision which has been reported at Universal Human Care Hospital. As there has been no result from the investigation after two years he has a responsibility to take further action to preserve the lives of patients. His ethical duty should include reporting the illegal procedures, as well as, the negligent supervision and oversight to higher ranking internal authorities. If the appropriate investigation and corrective actions do not occur he has a further ethical obligation to report the incidents to external authorities. As a doctor he is legally bound to take reasonable action. The law recognizes several exceptions the ââ¬Å"no duty to rescueâ⬠rule and several apply to Dr. Do Rightââ¬â¢s ethical dilemma (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). Continued deaths due to negligence and illegal procedures should be reported beyond the Regional Director, Compliance Manager and the Executive Committee as the failure to do so may result in his dismissal or even criminal prosecution. As a doctor he assumes contractual responsibilities to medically help others, and prevent them from being harmed. Patients in the hospital in which he is President may be lulled into a false sense of security, believing they will be helped, only to be neglected when lifesaving assistance is needed. Doctors and nurses employed in the medial facility which he oversees are endangering their patients and he is currently participating in creating a dangerous situation for several patients. Finally, there is a ââ¬Å"special relationshipâ⬠between Dr. DoRightââ¬â¢s medical facility and their patients. This relationship has a degree of dependency from the patient to the hospital and those whom govern the medical facility. As the President of Universal Human Care Hospital he is required to reasonably protect all patients from harm including the protection from the illegal procedures performed by the medical staff, and neglect or oversight of the supervising staff (Halbert Ingulli, 2 012). 4. Describe the deontology principle and apply it to the ethical dilemma that Dr. DoRight faces in this case. The deontology principle ââ¬Å"is marked by steadfastness to universal principles â⬠¦[of] respect for life, fairness, telling the truth, keeping promises ââ¬â no matter what the consequencesâ⬠(Halbert Ingulli, 2012). Immanuel Kant, the most famous deontological thinker, believed humans could rationally develop an absolute set of rules to govern behavior, and these rules should be applied in all situations without consideration of the consequences. For example, Immanuel Kant believed there is a never good time to lie, even if it could produce a favorable outcome, such as lying saving someoneââ¬â¢s life (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). Under the deontology principle, moral and ethical behavior ââ¬Å"is a matter of holding, without exception, to certain principlesâ⬠or categorical imperatives (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). The first of these principles is that people should act under the assumption that the same action they chose should be repeated if roles were reversed and they ended up on the receiving end of those actions. In Dr. DoRightââ¬â¢s ethical dilemma a deontological approach would require him to make his decisions in the frame of reference of being a patient whose death resulted from the hospitalââ¬â¢s negligence or oversight. If Dr. DoRight made decisions in this frame of reference it is doubtful two years would pass without any definitive findings from the internal investigation into patient deaths (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). Another categorical imperative of the deontology principle is that it is unethical for people to use others for their own gain. A mutually beneficial relationship should exist where all stakeholders gain something they want. In Dr. DoRightââ¬â¢s ethical dilemma, the relationship could be mutually beneficial if the patient receives suitable medial services and attention in exchange for monetary compensation. Dr. DoRightââ¬â¢s decisions can be considered unethical as the relationship is not mutually beneficial. Patients within his hospital to continue to die as a result of a variety of illegal procedures, while Dr. DoRight continues to win awards for his leadership and meeting his business goals (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). Patients have a right to make a fully informed decision when selecting their medical providers. Making fully informed decision for oneself is ââ¬Å"of great ethical value in deontologyâ⬠(Halbert Ingulli, 2012). In the last two years, Dr. DoRight has told his Regional Director, Compliance Manager and the Executive Committee about the patient deaths due; however, disclosures are not provided to patients. With the insight of increased mortality rates due to the illegal procedures coupled with negligence and oversight it less likely patients will chose his medical facility for their health care needs. It is unethical according to the deontology principles to keep this information from patients. An infringement is being placed on some of the patients most basic rights; the right to life and health. Within the deontology principle this is never acceptable. Dr. DoRight falls short of several deontological principles, and is unethically infringing on the rights of his patients who are dying as a result of his decisions (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). 5. Describe the utilitarianism principle and apply it to the ethical dilemma that Dr. DoRight faces in this case The utilitarianism principle guides individuals, like Dr, DoRight, to ethically ââ¬Å"behave in a given situation â⬠¦ to choose an alternative that is likely to produce the greatest overall outcome.â⬠This principle evaluates the advantages and costs of an individualââ¬â¢s actions not only for the decision maker, but for all stakeholders who will be impacted by the decision. Within the utilitarianism principle the long and short term consequences to the stakeholders are analyzed when evaluating a dilemma, while weighing the size of the group and the effects of the decision upon the stakeholders (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). In Dr. DoRightââ¬â¢s dilemma some consequences may be shared by numerous stakeholders, both internal and external. For example, the media could tarnish the reputation of the hospital and several of its staff by publicizing the deaths as prev entable. This consequence could result in an increase of livelihood for external stakeholders such as the media, medical malpractice attorneys, or the extended family member of deceased patients. At the same time, it could result in the loss of livelihood amongst internal stakeholders such as; doctors, nurses and other members of as the hospitalââ¬â¢s 5,000 employed staff (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). Smaller external stakeholders carry the burden of the greatest negative consequences. Most costly would be the loss of life to patients who died as a result of illegal procedures and negligent supervision. Although this group of stakeholders may be small in comparison to the 20,000 patients treated at the hospital, ââ¬Å"losses of life and health weigh heavily on the scaleâ⬠when assessing the consequences of a decision within the utilitarianism principle (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). The causes of deaths have not been revealed after two years of internal investigation. If an outside organization investigated the details of the illegal practices and neglect it could negatively impact some internal stakeholders. An external investigation could have a negative impact on hospital finances, the Executive committee, and the livelihood of the Regional Director, Compliance Manager or their direct staff. On the other hand, patients, doctors and other stakeholders could benefit from this same decision in the form of additional staffing, proper training and technology to provide accurate diagnosis. Ultimately, the short-term costs a few internal stakeholders of the hospital would be outweighed by the long-term benefits to several stakeholders if Dr. DoRight made this decision (Halbert Ingulli, 2012). References Halbert, T. Ingulli, E. (2012). Law, Ethics, Business. In Law Ethics in the Business Environment (7th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Markwell, S. (2010). Health knowledge. Retrieved from http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/organisation-management/5b-understanding-ofs/managing-internal-external-stakeholders Merriam-Webster. (2011). Stakeholder. In Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stakeholder Wiseman, B. (2005). Who are the stakeholders in healthcare?. Retrieved from http://patientsafetyed.duhs.duke.edu/module_a/introduction/stakeholders.html Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-6980044523250705572020-01-20T22:29:00.001-08:002020-01-20T22:29:03.481-08:00Nietzsches Critique of Religion Essay -- Nietzsches Critique of Chri Nietzsche's critique of religion is largely based on his critique of Christianity. Nietzsche says that in modern Europe, people are atheistic, even though they don't realise it. People who say they are religious aren't really and those who say they have moved on haven't actually moved on. Certain people in society retain features of Christianity. For example, socialists still believe in equality in all people. Others still have pity for the poor and needy etc. Nietzsche dislikes religion especially Christianity because it encourages and promotes slave morality. Nietzsche says that we should be striving towards master morality, but Christianity has the completely opposite values to those of the master morality. For example, religion wants us to be like slaves and give things up instead of trying to be great. He talks about a slave revolt in morality, which leads to the dominance of slave values over master values. Christianity is that slave revolt. The problem for Nietzsche is the New Testament - the introduction of Jesus. He thinks that linking the Old Testament with the New Testament is very cheeky. They are two different books with complete different ideas and so should not be linked together. The Old Testament is full of power - Nietzsche likes that. But he objects to the values of the New Testament that shouldn't be linked to the Old Testament. They demote power. He sees religion as intensely nihilistic - it's all about denying life and being negative. Nietzsche feels that the New Testament is also like that. We have to go beyond this. If Christianity and Schopenhaur are based on denying life ... ...itique is that he views religion from the outside, so doesn't this make it a one-sided story? But obviously Nietzsche will think that his critique is one-sided. He is a perspectivist. Why is a view from outside any less valid than a view from inside? Is the ladder of religious cruelty a complete account of religious development. What about a sacrificing himself for humanity? This doesn't get mentioned. However we could say that Nietzsche rejects that because he obviously doesn't believe in God and insofar as God is 'one of the suffering'. This confirms Nietzsche's negative view of religion / Christianism. Nietzsche said that religion shouldn't How can religion not be an 'end-in-itself' for religious believers? A counter-argument to this would be to say that religion as an instrument is not a religion. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-17715791204767112702020-01-12T18:52:00.001-08:002020-01-12T18:52:03.801-08:00Robert. M. Sapolsky: An Example of Versatility and DedicationCivilization is a flow of billions of human beings, but it is only few who take up the task of developing it. It is purely their hard work that secures, augments, ramifies and manifests the lives of the rest.Away from the usual buzz of the society or any glitz, these people devote their energy, time and attention on the discoveries of science and art.These hermits, who are usually oblivious of laurels or social recognition, rightfully deserve to be highlighted, as that could inspire many to become their active followers. Hence, this essay focuses on a person who belongs to that rank and file, with a trail of his contribution in the field of biology. He is Robert. M. Sapolsky.The Sparks and Steps Chance collision ruled Sapolsky's destiny. Otherwise, even he didn't imagine that someone groomed in urban settings like Benson Hurst and Brooklyn, could fall in love with Natural History Museum of New York, and subsequently with paleontology ââ¬â which finally set the mind of a boy of 12 years to explore the lives of primates for the rest of his life.That concrete aim about future made him taking Swahili at the school level, as he was determined to go to Africa! After that, he developed his interest on neuroscience, which propelled his focus on the neurobiological basis of behavior. In this way a roadmap of his activities were made: from field behavior to brain and behavior.He found his mentor in Melvin Konnor (the writer of ââ¬ËThe Tangled Wing', on brain and behavior), who was the chairman of anthropology at Emory University, whose writing prowess equally attracted Sapolsky. No wonder, he gradually has risen himself to the rank of his mentor, by becoming a researcher per excellence and also one of the finest scientific and natural history writer, save his oratory skills.Otherwise, he received his Ph.D. in Neuroendocrinology from Rockefeller University, before receiving his AB in biological anthropology from Harvard University. Currently he is a professor at St anford University.On the Field The umpteenth number of solitary sojourns in the grasslands of Kenya for 20 years, coupled with uncounted hours in laboratory perhaps took Sapolsky where he is today ââ¬â most knowledgeable person on earth about baboon behavior, an inveterate researcher of neuroscience, a magnificent orator and a prolific writer, who once made Serengeti as his hermitage.Sapolsky, the Common Man He has two young kids and a zoologist wife. Since the kids are not yet ready to lead a tent-life, he has to shuttle between Manhattan and Nairobi, but that doesn't put up any stress on him ââ¬â why, he himself is a stress specialist! He misses out nothing, except his piano sessions ââ¬â though there is a piano in his lab, which was once brought by his first salary ââ¬â he doesn't get time for it anymore! Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-89831465136226836302020-01-04T15:16:00.001-08:002020-01-04T15:16:02.449-08:00Essay about The Right of Reigious Freedom - 1219 Words Religious freedom is arguably the oldest and deepest of rights embedded in the modern collection of liberties. Religion has been historically one of the most powerful forces in shaping the morals of humanity. According to the 1993 Project on Religion and Human rights; Religion is defined as: Encompassing a world view or set of beliefs, along with a value system and a way of life embodying and expressing these beliefs. They are not merely a matter of belief or doctrine, but actually constitute an integral culture which can form personal and social identity and can influence experience and behavior significantly. Religious persecution existed as early as the biblical and Quranic era. The ââ¬Å"rights ideaâ⬠by contrast, is of comparativelyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This compelled him to rid his kingdom of the new teaching and its followers. Barely a year on the throne, Mwanga started implementing his agenda by ordering the execution of Yusuf Rugarama, Mark Kakumba, and Noah Serwanga the first three Christian martyrs, on January, 31, 1885. This was followed by the murder of the Anglican Bishop James Hannington who had been dispatched as head of Eastern Equatorial Africa, headquarte red in Buganda in October 1885. Joseph M.Balikuddembe a senior advisor to the King and a Catholic convert condemned Mwanga for ordering the Bishopââ¬â¢s death especially with out giving him a chance to defend him self as was customary. Mwanga in retaliation ordered the arrest and execution of Balikuddembe on November 15, 1885 as the first Catholic martyr. Mwanga II precipitated the show down in May 1886 by ordering the converts to choose between their new faith, and complete obedience to his orders. Those unwilling to renounce their new faith would be subjected to death. Courageously, the neophytes chose their faith. The execution of twenty six Christians at Namugongo on June 3, 1886; was the climax of the campaign against the converts. To date, 3 June is a public holiday in Uganda for commemorating the Uganda Martyrs. Else where in the world, after decades of religious wars which drew in all of the main forces finally concluded the Westphalia Treaties in 1648 in which the Peace among others established a Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-15245193561862711242019-12-27T11:42:00.001-08:002019-12-27T11:42:04.212-08:00Analysis of Harvey Fierstein A Playwright and His Loose... June 6, 1952, Harvey Fierstein, the American actor and playwright is birthed to Jacqueline Harriet and Irving Fierstein of Brooklyn, New York. Harvey Fiersteinââ¬â¢s screen success came in a few highly acclaimed films: ââ¬Å"Mulanâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Independence Dayâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"Mrs. Doubtfireâ⬠, just to name a few. This list of movies has captured the attention of many, but his initial claim to fame is his playwriting ability. The playwright turned actor began his writing career in high school, where he enrolled in creative writing. It was at this time his frankness for being gay was no secret. He performed in numerous drag events growing up. These events ultimately pushed him into his Broadway success and being an activist for the gay population. Furthermore, a few of his plays are written about drag queens and others about being gay. Mr. Fierstein grew up in a time when being gay was a very hard lifestyle to be open about. Over the decades the support group lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community or better known as LGBT, has supported the mass movement worldwide. Mr. Fierstein set out to illustrate to the world that it is ok to be yourself, and that the LGBT community will not accept anymore bigotry. His plays focus on the hardships faced by the oppressed and by the tyrants. In his play ââ¬Å"On Tidy Endings, a lover and ex-wife have gathered to sign documents and tie up loose ends after the death of a man. It was during the conception of this play that most Americans mandated being homosexual Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-36485660891310964082019-12-19T07:31:00.001-08:002019-12-19T07:31:03.009-08:00William Shakespeare s Othello, The Moore Of Venice Othello, The Moore of Venice is a production, adapted from one of Shakespeareââ¬â¢s plays. Shakespeare has written many plays, The Moore of Venice is one he wrote during a dark time in his career in between his most famous works Hamlet and King Lear the profound re-workings of old plays. According to Kristin Johnsen-Nashati (Aug. 8, 2005), ââ¬Å"some scholars have speculated that Shakespeare wrote Othello to please King James I. The setting of this play takes place during the ancient Greek renaissance sometime during 1603-1604. William Shakespeare This play differs from other Shakespeare tragedies because it is about relationship and not the political overtones that usually accompany his work. There is no comic relief and the plot is simplistic. It alludes to a bit of racism, but focuses rather on relationship. Birkenmeier (2012). The play is one of a tragedy of jealousy, betrayal, and murder. Othello, the Moor of Venice, can pierce the soul when pride and ego are realized, and h ow easily a seed of discord, can be planted in the human mind and grow to the point of murder. The setting, Characters, and play consist of; Othello, the Moor, Brabantio a Senator, Desdemona the daughter of Brabantio, Othello a highly revered General, Michael Casio Lieutenant, Lago Othelloââ¬â¢s Ensign, Duke of Venice, First Senator, Second Senator, Gratiano, Lodovico, Roderigo former suitor of Desdemona, Montano Othelloââ¬â¢s predecessor, Clown Othelloââ¬â¢s servant, Emelia Lagoââ¬â¢s wife, Bianca Cassioââ¬â¢s wife, and a fewShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1323 Words à |à 6 Pagesown demise. William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Othello the Moore of Venice is a play about a heroic individual that goes through a tragic event based on his decisions throughout the play. Many of the characters that Shakespeare presents in his plays reveal attitudes and value that is reflective of both the Elizabethan society in sixteenth century England and William Shakespeare; these values are evident in the context of the Venetian society that Othello take s place in. Through Othello Shakespeare embodies hisRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words à |à 7 Pages William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despite Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-43317625878680156112019-12-11T04:13:00.001-08:002019-12-11T04:13:06.107-08:00Logistics & Supply Chain Management For Accommodating Demands Questions: 1. What is the business of Sinosteel, what are its major challenges, and how would an ERP system address the challenges they face? 2. Why did Sinosteel pursue the development of an ERP system? What were the objectives? What challenges (risks) does ERP address for Sinosteel ? [The CEO is difficult to understand on some of the objectives, but later in the video an IT manager is clearer and reflects the CEOs position almost exactly. You will need to listen carefully] 3. What factors were important in the choice of Oracle? 4. How did business processes change in order to implement this ERP system? 5. What do you think some of the implementation issues and risks might have been with this system? 6. How did this investment in ERP systems help Sinosteel achieve operational excellence? 7. What do you think were the benefits of installing this system give the substantial costs involved? Answers: 1. What is the business of Sinosteel, what are its major challenges, and how would an ERP system address the challenges they face? The business of Sinosteel is to produce and process the metallurgical mineral resources, trading and logistics of raw materials, and it is also in providing engineering technical service and manufacturing equipments. Major challenges are improving the management and overwhelming its lack of centralisation. Gaining efficiency in building customer relationship and managing human resources. Through ERP the internal management can be improved and optimised by common sharing of information, with SCM resources can be better managed and through CRM company can achieve high customer satisfaction 2. Why did Sinosteel pursue the development of an ERP system? What were the objectives? What challenges (risks) does ERP address for Sinosteel ? [The CEO is difficult to understand on some of the objectives, but later in the video an IT manager is clearer and reflects the CEOs position almost exactly. You will need to listen carefully] Sinosteel adopted ERP system because there was lack of standardisation, the information was decentralised and managing the corporate information was getting risky which would lead to dangerous misunderstandings. Objective was to gain efficiency in all functions of business by sharing the information. 3. What factors were important in the choice of Oracle? Oracle is a leader in enterprise resource management with excellent applications and advance technologies and relative flexible platform. Also it is easy to learn, administer and maintain 4. How did business processes change in order to implement this ERP system? They change in order to deliver a business inside, adapting to the industry processes and gaining superior ownership experience. Thus through ERP system efficient management of all business processes and functions can be achieved. 5. What do you think some of the implementation issues and risks might have been with this system? The major risk is to integrate the systems of companies which Sinosteel has merged with. For integration proper staff is required and handling the resistance of staff to adopt new system will also be a major risk. 6. How did this investment in ERP systems help Sinosteel achieve operational excellence? What do you think were the benefits of installing this system give the substantial costs involved? By increasing the speed of response, information quality and high degree of automation and reducing the business costs. Benefits will be improved competitiveness, improved decision making and reduction in business cost. 7. What are some common types of malicious software, or malware? What best describes the man-in-the-middle type of attacks? Adware, bot, bug, ransomware, rootkit, spyware, Trojan horse, virus and worm are malware. A man-in-the-middle describes how attacker intercepts messages in a public key exchange and retransmits them, submitting his own public key for the requested one, so that the two original parties still appear to be communicating with each other. Provide some examples of each type of authentication factor. What are your personal experiences with each? Authentication factor is a piece of information which is used to verify the identity of a person requesting access to a restricted area. Example is Personal factor which is used to recover passwords. Till date I have no personal experience for such technology. Can you think of any drawbacks of the ZTIC device? Drawback with ZTC device is that it initiates transactions on computer with malware installed by compromising the security. The padlocked areas of internet which is secure can also not protect against it. How might malicious attackers try to get around devices like the ZTIC? Hackers through malwares modify the data when it is sent to banks web server but displays the information to consumer intended in the browser. Man-in-the-middle attacks is also effective even if the customer s using OTP. ZTIC bypasses the browser and goes directly to bank and ensures accurate data exchange. Do you foresee a future where malware is completely eliminated, or protections are so good that malware is no longer a threat? Explain your answer. With the growth in technology cyber attacks will get common and will become difficult for the anti-malware companies to protect us from cyber crimes. Thus I completely believe that malware practices will not be completely eliminated and in coming future with advancements in internet it will become a major threat. Which business process are the most important at Summit Electric Supply? Why? The most important business process is ERP software, NetWeaver BW data from SAP. The importance of these processes for Summit Electric as it connected 19 locations, satisfied business requirements. It helped the company in staying more organised and controlling how much information has to be produced and distributed. What problems did Summit have with its old systems? What was the business impact of those problems? The old system was delaying the supplies. The old system was complicated as it separated different categories which made difficult to combine when needed. The impact of old system on business was that it was not able to keep up with the business, limited the business to handle few numbers and locations, brought delays and took lot of time in task completion. How did Summits ERP system improve operational efficiency and decision making? Give several examples It was improved by advancing the operations, the supplies were built and distributed faster on time. The old system was very time consuming, for eg collecting and reviewing the invoices took a months time and increased the stack of invoices to be given to vendors. With new ERP the invoices were produced more fastly and accurately. The ERP system provided tools to company to evaluate the sales-channel which benefited the company to evaluate the profitability inters of branch wise, sales person and customers. Describe two ways in which Summits customers benefit from the new ERP system. Customers can now rely on company for their needs and products. Customers can receive their orders in short period of time. They can also track how much wire they have ordered and from which manufacturer it is coming from. Secondly large customers who are having long-term job sites are getting benefits from new ERP system. The company has built on-site temporary warehouses to supply electrical products to customers by creating parent-child warehouse relationship. Through this, it will prevent anybody from selling the consigned inventory into the warehouse. Draw diagram Summits old and new process for handling chargerbacks. With the old process company was losing money and was not making profits. A lot of manual work was required, as they have to go the customer invoices for detailed manufacturers to identify which chargeback they can claim. Whereas the new process for handling the chargeback was efficient as it automatically reviewed the Summits billing activity and compare it with all chargebacks agreements loaded into SAP system. So when there was any match they are able to claim it. Thus this full automated ERP system has increased the company claim by 118% over the old system. Review Questions Identify and describe three major enterprise applications. Enterprise system: It is based on a suite of integrated software modules and a common central database. It utilizes enterprise softwares to support finance, accounting, HR, manufacturing etc processes. Its benefits are improving the management reporting and information sharing, decision making and efficiency in customer-driven approaches. Supply Chain Management: helps company in managing its supply chain by proper planning, sourcing, production, delivery and return of items. It also helps the firm in generating demand forecasts for its product and developing sourcing and manufacturing plans for that product. Its benefits are improved customer service, responsiveness, cash utilization and cost reduction Customer Relationship Management: CRM helps firms to maximize the benefits of customer assets. It can be classified as operational or analytical. Operational CRM refers to customer facing applications like sales force automation and Analytical CRM deals with analyzing the customer data to provide information for improving the business performance. Its benefits are increased customer satisfaction, reduce direct marketing cost and more effective marketing. Describe the challenges of global supply chains and how Internet technology can help companies manage them better. Firms use intranets to improve coordination among their internal supply chain processes, and extranets to coordinate supply chain processes shared with their business partners. Using intranets and extranets, all members of the supply chain can instantly communicate with each other, using up-to-date information to adjust purchasing, logistics, manufacturing, packaging, and schedules. A manager can use a Web interface to tap into suppliers systems to determine whether inventory and production capabilities match demand for the firms products. Business partners can use Web-based supply chain management tools to collaborate online with suppliers and customers. Sales representatives can access suppliers production schedules and logistics information to monitor customers order status. The Internet has introduced new ways of managing warehousing, shipping, and packaging based on access to supply chain information that can give companies an edge in delivering goods and services at a reasonabl e cost. Distinguish between a push-based and pull-based model of supply chain management and explain how contemporary supply chain management systems facilitate a pull-based model. Push-based supply chain is based on production master schedules which are based on forecasting from product demands. Pull-based supply chain is based on actual customer orders or purchases so that suppliers can product that amount which is required by the customers. Pull system is better because there will no wastages. Describe how partner relationship management (PRM) and employee relationship management (ERM) are related to customer relationship management (CRM)? PRM uses same data, tools and systems as CRM to enhance collaboration between a company and its selling partners. If a company do not sell directly to customers but rather works through distributors or retailers, PRM helps these channels sell to customers directly. ERM software deals with employee issues that are closely related to CRM such as setting objectives, employee performance management, performance-based compensation and employees training Describe the tools and capabilities of customer relationship management software for sales, marketing, and customer service. Sales: The sales force automation module helps sales staff to increase their productivity by focusing sales on profitable customers, it also provide sales prospect and contact information, sales quote, product information etc. Better coordination between sales, marketing and delivery department. Customer Service: Tools to make more efficient call centres, help desks and staff support, include capabilities for assigning and managing customer service requests and also include web-based self-service capabilities. Marketing: supports direct marketing campaigns by providing campaigns by providing capabilities for capturing prospects and customer data, providing product and service information. Tools for analyzing marketing and customer data, identifying profitable and non-profitable customers and identifying opportunities for cross-selling, up-selling and bundling. You have been hired by Santori, Inc., a small company that imports and distributes an Italian sparkling water. The company is interested in what benefits an enterprise system would bring. Would an enterprise system be appropriate for this company? What steps would you take in determining this? For smaller companies enterprise software packages should be used because enterprise systems are expensive. Therefore to implement an enterprise system in an economical manner a hosted enterprise application must be used. In order to determine appropriateness of Enterprise system for Santori I will first analyze the existing business processes, whether they are meeting the efficiency and gains competition with other businesses in their niche. Then I will review the existing hosted applications to check whether they match up with Santoris. Thus it is important to compare the cost of instituting the new business processes with the benefits and cost savings. List and describe the information requirements of HPCs new management system. What problems was the new system designed to solve? Information Requirement Problem was the new system designed to solved Reliable report Report that are able to accurately measure management performance and provide useful, accurate information for increasing sales and reducing costs. Unsanitized Data Report must be up to date, no need to sanitize to look better to senior management Fast Report Anytime access to report and from anywhere Enterprise wide visiblity Can access and share data easily across the various business units and fucntions To what extent were people problems affecting management decision making at HPC? What were some of the management, organisation and technology issues that had to be addressed by the new system? How did the systemss designers make the system more people friendly? The HPC managers were playing with the numbers and preparing stale reports so as to make their department look better to senior managers and presented the reports in periodic intervals. Managers were delaying the reports and do not wanted to be overloaded with unnecessary data. The new system should be user-friendly, show updated information in meetings, provide access to data at any time with more accuracy and timelier picture of organisations performance. The system is designed people-friendly by providing access to multiple locations, user friendly screen and data entry forms, easy and simple updations, easy troubleshooting and more efficient. What role did end users play in developing HPCs new system? How did the project team make sure users were involved? What would have happened to the project if they had not done this? The end users played the role in helping the project information systems department by providing them the existing report that they already used. The project team ensured that the users attended training program for accessing new system. They also encouraged the new users to start using the new system and discussed the benefits of using new system. The information system department also ran campaigns to ensure that the users are using the system in most effective way. If it has not been done than the new system might fail and will not achieve the management objective and project will be a white elephant and the result will be wastage of time and money. What other steps did HPC take to make sure the system was successful? The various approaches are: Phased approach: To implement the new system HPC used phased approach. HPC waited till the company get use to new ERP system and confidence in data quality and collection and processing methods. Benchmarking: HPC emphasized the importance of benchmarking with other companies before designing and implementing the executive facing system What types of system-building methods and tools did HPC use for building its system? SAP Business object Dashboards: is a drag and drop visualisation tool used for performance management, planning reporting query and providing access to self-service access to data from database excel spreadsheets. SAP business Objects web intelligence: it is an ad-hoc query reporting and analysis tool used to create queries. What were the benefits of the new system? How did it change the way Honam ran its business? How successful was this system solution. Benefits: The benefits are timeline decisions, personalised delivery of information, measurable watch-up indicators across all business areas and improved accessibility and readability. Now executives are no longer limited to stale data in an outdated presentation format. The system is very successful and helps to solve the problems occurring at HPC. The system reduces the time required to collect process and track the data so that rapid executive decision making take place. The HPC information system is now ready for global information sharing as the company expands. This system solution was successful for HPC as it gave the company a competitive advantage. You are consulting for the information technology division of a state university to guide and facilitate the design of a new system for handling college applications, which has previously been handled entirely with a paper-based process. They would like to set up a system by which prospective students can apply online. Describe in detail their first steps and any studies they should perform before designing the new information system. The college should perform system analysis, by identifying the primary owners and users, problem of existing system, examining the documents and procedures. Feasibility study to check whether the proposed system is feasible and achievable from financial, technical and organizational standpoint. Should identify several alaternative solutions that organization can pursue and the process then assess the feasibility of each. What are the advantages and disadvantages of prototyping? Describe the steps in prototyping. Give at least two circumstances under which prototyping might be useful. Prototyping gives proper clarity and feel of functionality and suggest changes and modifications to the users. Its disadvantage is that needs to much user involvement and too many changes can disturb the rhythm of development team. It is useful in Waterfall model. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using outsourcing for building information systems. Benefits: Through outsourcing a firm can have skills, resources and assets which client do not have, cheaper than hiring, training and maintain the in-house staff. Through offshore outsourcing the costs has reduced. Disadvantage: Firms hiring outsourcers are underestimating the cost of identifying and evaluating the vendors, transitioning to a new vendor and cost involved in improving the internal software development methods to match those of vendors. Some have said that the best way to reduce system development costs is to use application software packages or fourth-generation tools. Do you agree? Why or why not? The decision to purchase a fourth generation tools depends on various factors like whether the packages are vailable in market, are able to solve 80% of systems functional requirement. Wheteher they are compatibel with current orgnaisations system and cost of purchasing, installing and maintaining should not be more than cost of custome development and maintenance. References Camilo Amracy. 2012. Building information systems. [Online] Available at https://www.scribd.com/doc/105081588/Building-Information-Systems#scribd Honam Petrochemicals Quest for Better Management Reports. Lazarus Payne. IBM Zone Trusted Information Channel (ZITC). [Online] Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mPZrkeHMDJ8 KL Manu. 2014. Honam Petrochemical Quest for Better Management Reports. [Online] Available at https://www.scribd.com/doc/221423102/Honam-Petrochemical-Quest-for-Better-Management-Reports#scribd Koffka Khan. 2012. Tutorial 9. [Online] Available at https://www2.sta.uwi.edu/~anikov/info1400/lectures/09-ITF-tutorial.pdf Maryam Ahmadi. 2015. IBM Zone Trusted Information Channel (ZTIC). [Online] Available at https://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Ibm-Zone-Truated/362690 Sinosteel Strengthens Business Management with Oracle Apps. [Online] Available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5rBGljckjw Summit Electric Lights up with a new ERP system. [Online] Available at www.panayainc.com Williams. 2010. Build, Manage and Globalise projects. IE 332 Computing in Industrial Engineering. Spring 2010. Yuri Brigadir. 2014. Prototype Model: Disadvantage and Advantage. [Online] Available at https://www.ianswer4u.com/2011/11/prototype-model-advantages-and.html#axzz3aC5KBCDd Logistics & Supply Chain Management For Accommodating Demands Questions: 1. The fundamental reasons for success, with a comparison to another successful and an unsuccessful company? 2. How does the company maintain its competitive advantage, here the concept of sustainability may again be of interest? 3. Is the company's formula for success suitable for other companies and is so explain why, if not explain why? 4. what supply chain challenges does the company face when dealing with demand fluctuations and comment on how the supply chain investments support its overall customer service and resources utilisation objectives? 5. what prerequisites are important for the operation of the lean systems that are in place? Answers: Introduction Logistics management is an important functional area that is required to be carried out by businesses with a view to achieve higher level of success and effectiveness in their performance. Logistics management is concerned with the management of flow of materials within the organisation and ensuring that the products are delivered on timely basis to the final consumers. However, its management is highly crucial mainly because of the increasing level of growth and expansion as achieved by businesses in their activities. As a result, the management of their business processes have become highly difficult because of their increasing level of expansion into international markets which requires management of their business activities at much wider level. The customer base of the organisation increases significantly and there has also been rise in the level of the business processes such as warehousing, flow of materials from warehouses to stores or directly to customers etc. Because of su ch increasing level of business activities being carried out at global level, the management has become highly difficult and this has also created difficulties in the process of efficient operation management (Myerson, 2012). This case study analysis is all about John Lewis Partnership whereby it has been indicated that the organisation has achieved significant level of expansion in its performance and this has created difficulties in the process of managing the organisations operations especially the logistics management process in catering to the needs and requirements of different stores of John Lewis. The analysis in this report is therefore focused towards different important aspects related to managing the operations at John Lewis Partnership so as to cater to efficient management of organisations operations. Alternatives for Accommodating Changing Demands and Needs An analysis of the given case on John Lewis indicates that the company has considered a newer system to perform the management of its delivery of products to different John Lewis stores. The analysis indicates that a newer warehousing system in the form of Semi-Automated National Distribution Centre (SANDC) is being considered to handle different items and meet out the requirements of different stores via such warehouse of the company. The analysis also indicates that there has been the consideration of adequate provision in meeting out the needs and requirements of individual customers by delivering the products at their home. This SANDC has been designed with a view to meet out the needs and demands of different John Lewis stores across the country. However, there have been changes in the demand being witnessed within the customers for the items that are being warehoused at SANDC. As for instance, there has been the demand from customers directly to meet out their requirements by s ending the products directly to their home from SANDC (Hirata, 2008). As a result of such changes in the demand pattern, there are fewer full bins that are required and there has been greater proportion of goods that need to be picked at the picking stations. This is mainly because of shift in the demands from final consumers directly as compared to orders from John Lewis stores. In order to accommodate this change, there is a need to perform direct level of consideration certain major strategies by the company. As for instance, there is a need to increase the number of bins that are being utilised presently in order to manage the picking of orders. This would allow for accommodating the order to large number of orders of diverse customers in a positive manner. Apart from this, the number of picking stations should also be increased so that there could be satisfaction of larger demands in future in a positive manner. In addition to this, there is also the need to consider alternative in the form of increasing the number of picker because a single picke r accounts for picking up at the rate of 650 picks and puts. By increasing the number of picker, the increase in the demand from different customers could be efficiently addressed. These major alternatives are essential to be considered in ensuring that the management of customer orders is being performed in an efficient manner. Home Shopping Area within SANDC The case analysis of John Lewis above has indicated that the company is faced with significant level of rise in the demand from customers. There has been rise in the demands in a manner different from that of what has been expected by the organisation, and as a result, the management needs to be highly effective in incorporating any kinds of changes in the demand from customers. The SANDC is designed specifically in order to cater to the needs and requirements for product by the John Lewis stores, but there has been increase in the home shopping activities by consumers which requires direct delivery of products to consumers. In order to cater to the specific needs for home order requirement, it is important that there should be additional consideration that should be made with regard to meeting out the requirements from this specific area. It is essential that that a separate home shopping area that should be introduced so that it has separate bins and the entire management of the de livery process is being carried out in a highly efficient manner. In terms of flexibility at SANDC is concerned, an analysis of the performance of the warehousing system across the company indicates that it has been operated at a large level and conveyor can travel upto 10 Km. this signifies that there has been extensively huge level at which the products are being managed at SANDC and as such, there is a scope for including the home shopping system that has been gearing up with higher demands in the present case of SANDC. The demand patterns as changed can be adjusted efficiently by the company depending on the level at which it is currently operating. There is a need for consideration of a separate section in meeting out the requirements from home shopping department of the company. The bins to be used including the space needed and also the conveyor should be extensively different in meeting out the needs of home shopping and the analysis of the case of SANDC indicates that there has been adequate level of flexibility available in performing the management of home shopping department (Fox, 2009). In performing the changes in the operational system in meeting out the organisational needs for home shopping, there are changes that are required to be faced by SANDC in ensuring that operational changes are carried out efficiently. The implementation issues in this respect in making changes to the operational layout is mainly the selection of a new location within the premise of SANDC for this home shopping requirements, and secondly, there would also be issues in terms of higher level of costs faced in the infrastructure development of the company. This is mainly because there would be significant level of changes required especially in respect to existing infrastructure of the company. This can therefore be regarded as a major issue in the process of performing the implementation of changes and it is therefore regarded as a major implementation issue in the process of addressing additional demand requirements from customers. This operational change is however considered important mainly because the future is likely to witness a significant increase in the requirements of the company. Need for Continuous Improvements Continuous improvement is highly essential from the point of view of achieving highly efficient performance levels within organisation. Businesses should aim at devising strategies aimed at achieving enhanced level of improvements in their performance and in respect to the given case of John Lewis in managing the distribution system, there is a need for achieving continuous level of improvements with respect to its performance. This initiative in the form of SANDC is being undertaken at John Lewis with a view to achieve improvement over its performance levels in the form of efficient meeting out of the requirements of different John Lewis stores across the country (Douglas, 2010). Although the analysis has indicated that there has been significant level of improvements being achieved at John Lewis in the form of including SANDC operation, yet there has been the scope of achieving further level of improvement in it. In terms of efficiency, there can be the application of skilled and efficient technical personnel that could manage the stocking and disbursement of products across SANDC. The application of technology is applied at SANDC in the form of basic technological equipments such as conveyor, bins uplifting machines etc. However, the attainment of higher level of efficiency can be possible by way of considering specific technologies in managing specific organisational information. As for instance, in tracking of inventory, there could be the application of technology in the form of RFID technological systems, as its application would enhance the operational efficiency performance of the organisation (Aartsengel and Kurtoglu, 2013). The improvement in the service levels can be ensured by way of focusing especially towards the operational areas at SANDC. This is mainly in terms of utilising larger number of tote bins, increased human resources and planning for enhancing the number of entry and exit points for the stock. This would not only ensure the meet out of requirements of different customers, but there would be higher level of efficiency that could also become possible in respect to the performance of the entire organisation. This suggests that service levels can be enhanced by way of increasing the number of equipments and skilled people that are currently being utilised in performing the management of SANDC. It is also essential that there should be higher emphasis that should be placed towards achieving sustainability performance levels and this could be achieved at SANDC by making it sure that there is adequate application of environment friendly equipments that should be performed in managing organisat ions operations (Cushman, 1997). The areas that may be worthy of examination are mainly the current functions that are carried out in order to perform the management of organisations operations. Apart from this, the additional consideration of newer operational area aimed at managing the home shopping requirements of customers is also quite crucial from the point of view of achieving higher level of success. Thus, there is a need for achieving continuous level of improvement in this respect in ensuring that better meet out of requirements across different John Lewis areas could be achieved. Fundamental Reasons for Success An analysis on the case study on John Lewis company indicates that there are certain important factors that become the primary factor behind the success of the company as against other companies. As for instance, the analysis indicated that John Lewis has a different nature of ownership which has been a crucial factor that has contributed towards the attainment of higher growth levels. Because of share of each and every employee in the profitability performance of the company, there has been positive level of contribution being achieved from each and every member supporting the performance of the organisation. As a result, it accounts for positively contributing towards the growth of the organisation in a positive manner. Apart from this particular factor, there are certain other reasons that have primarily contributed towards achieving higher level of growth and success of the firm. As for instance, the significant level of presence of the company across the entire UK has also been a competitive factor which allows it in serving large customer groups. The company has also performed the management of its operations especially the distribution system as highly efficient which allowed it in meeting out the needs and requirements of each of its store in an efficient manner. This has therefore contributed in a positive manner towards the enhanced level of performance and ultimately the growth of the company (Larkin, 2008). Maintaining Competitive Advantage Competitive advantage is mainly the strength point of the organisation and it is concerned with the key determining factor leading the entire organisation to higher level of success. The maintenance of competitive advantage is quite important for businesses to succeed and in this respect, the analysis of the case of John Lewis indicates that the company has specific competitive advantage that allows it in remaining a successful company. As for instance, its analysis indicates that the major competitive advantage as available to John Lewis is mainly in terms of its stronger network that it has developed in the market of UK. The stronger presence along with its reputation in the industry has been a contributing factor towards competitive position of the firm in the industry. In addition to this, the focus of John Lewis towards the sustainability factor has also contributed positively towards achieving improved level of performance by the company. These are the important factors that ha ve become the primary competitive factor that has resulted into the attainment of significant level of competitive advantage by the firm in its operations (Nilsson and Rapp, 2005). Suitability of the Companys Formula of Success The given analysis of the case of John Lewis indicates about the performance of the company and has also indicated about the formula of success of the firm. The formula as considered by John Lewis is mainly the performance of significant level of growth of its firm initially and this is supported by high class operational management systems that allows for managing the entire operations in a positive manner. This particular approach has been highly suitable especially in respect to other firms in the retail industry as they could also initially consider the application of such growth strategy of performing the business expansion. This should be followed by the application of specific technologies that are aimed at achieving higher level of excellence over the performance of entire organisation in a positive manner. The important factor in this strategy of achieving growth and success is that it requires considerable level of efforts from all the employees, and management working with in the organisation. The efforts from all of them is essential as evident in the given case of John Lewis and such synergistic efforts are crucial from the point of view of meeting out the objective of achieving higher growth and success levels (Taylor, 2011). Supply Chain Challenges during Demand Fluctuations Supply chain management is crucial in respect to large organisation mainly because they need to perform the delivery of products and services across different departments and business units that are functional. An analysis of the given case of John Lewis in particular indicates that the company has various business units that spans across UK and it is essential that they should be provided with finished products on timely basis. However, in the instances of fluctuations in the demand of the company, it is highly difficult to efficiently meet out their demands because being a retailer, it is difficult to maintain the preservation of stock for longer time period. This would therefore create problems to the supply chain partners in meeting out such fluctuating demand. The management of stock at SANDC would be difficult under demand fluctuations and ultimately, there would be challenges in the form of timely meet out of requirements of various business units of the firm. The investment i n the supply chain would support overall customer services and resource utilisation objectives in the sense that it enables the timely delivery of products to the retailers and ultimately, final consumers would get them on timely basis (Gattorna, 2003). Prerequisites for the Operations of Lean Systems In respect to performing the management of operations of lean systems, there are certain major prerequisites that are crucial. Lean system is concerned with the elimination of waste by way of focusing towards achieving efficiency with respect to all the processes. As a result, there are certain major prerequisites that must be fulfilled in ensuring that lean systems are properly accounted in performing the management of organisations operation. This mainly includes the attainment of efficiency in respect to the employees by utilising skilled employees in the process, and there should be measures and policies that should be devised aimed at achieving operational effectiveness so that the minimisation of wastes in the process can be ensured. Conclusion A critical analysis as carried out above has indicated about the case of John Lewis which suggests that the company has achieved significant level of growth and it has considered the adaptation of a new system known as SANDC with a view to perform the management of operations of the organisation in a positive way. The company has considered the application of this system with a view to meet out the requirement for finished products of different business units of the organisation that spans worldwide. The analysis indicated about the alternatives that are essential to consider from changing demand patterns at the company, and the analysis also indicated that there should be a separate dedicated area for home shopping. It is also identified crucial that there should be continuous improvements that should be achieved in respect to organisations operations. References Aartsengel, A. and Kurtoglu, S. (2013), Handbook on Continuous Improvement Transformation: The Lean Six Sigma Framework and Systematic Methodology for Implementation Springer Science Business Media. Cushman, D.P. (1997), Continuously Improving an Organization's Performance: High-Speed Management, SUNY Press. Douglas, V. (2010), Operational Behaviors and Continuous Improvement, Volney Douglas. Fox, W.M. (2009), The Management Process: An Integrated Functional Approach (PB), IAP. Gattorna, J. (2003), Gower Handbook of Supply Chain Management, Gower Publishing, Ltd. Hirata, T.T. (2008), Customer Satisfaction Planning: Ensuring Product Quality and Safety Within Your MRP/ERP Systems, CRC Press. Larkin, (2008), Ready To Lead?: Prepare To Think And Act Like A Successful Leader, Pearson Education India. Myerson, P. (2012), Lean Supply Chain and Logistics Management, McGraw Hill Professional. Nilsson, F. and Rapp, B. (2005), Understanding Competitive Advantage: The Importance of Strategic Congruence and Integrated Control, Springer Science Business Media. Taylor, C. (2011), The Formula for Success in Network Marketing, Filament Publishing Ltd. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-14320035351108639872019-12-03T15:54:00.001-08:002019-12-03T15:54:04.033-08:00Metaphysical poetry review FlashcardMetaphysical poetry review Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-59890126412615840432019-11-27T16:37:00.001-08:002019-11-27T16:37:03.742-08:00Assignment Address free essay sample What is the type of artifact that you photographed? This is a museum that shows the African American history through several activities. 2. Where in your town is this art located? SST. Petersburg, Florida 3. What part of the African-American culture (dress, customs, personal experience) does this artifact preserve? This preserves a personal experience from Dry. Carter G. Wooden. 4. Why is this artifact significant in the preservation of the African-American culture? It shows where Dry. Carter G. Wooden lived and where he had worked on the books he has published. 5. Describe the artifact in your photo. Give colors or color schemes, type of materials that the arts creator uses, and other relevant aspects of the arts design. The color of this house is normal and represents the colors used back then, in the beginning of the 20th century. It shows sophistication and class by the looks on the outside of the house. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignment Address or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-16603148652523236632019-11-24T00:12:00.001-08:002019-11-24T00:12:04.163-08:00FIN 419 Week 3 Problems Essays - Mathematical Finance, LoansFIN 419 Week 3 Problems Essays - Mathematical Finance, Loans Problem 1-A $85,000.00 Future Value: $873,260.59 9%FV 30$873,260.59 PV(D2,D3,D1) Interest:9% Answer Years:35Future Value:$42,777.60 PV(B4,B6,0,B2,0) Problem 1-B Present Value$85,000.00 Interest:11% Answer Years:30Future Value:$738,972.37 PV(B10,B12,B8) Problem 1-C If rates were to raise the amounts needed for the 35 year period prior to retiring would lower. Increasing the interest rate increases the future value of the investment causing a lesser amount to be required. Problem 2-A YearAmountPresnt Value FactorPresent Value 1 $7,000.00 0.9345794391/(1+A19)^B24 $6,542.06 B19*D19 2 $4,000.00 0.9259797991/(1+A20)^B24 $3,703.92 B20*D20 3 $8,000.00 0.9075191551/(1+A21)^B24 $7,260.15 B21*D21 4 $10,000.00 0.8934537991/(1+A22)^B24 $8,934.54 B22*D22 5 $13,000.00 0.8821235421/(1+A23)^B24 $11,467.61 B23*D23 Rate7%Total (Answer) $37,908.27 Problem 2-B When the earning rate increases the total amount decreases. As the rate increases so does the interest earned toward the investment. The larger your rate is the lower your present value will need to be to cover your future value shortfall Problem 3-A Amount: $(25,000.00)$10,768.29 PMT(B31,B32,B30)End of Year Loan Payment Annual Interest:14%Answer Years:3 Payments:3 Problem 3-B Please see attached excel spreadsheet for Loan Amortization Schedule Problem 3-C As the principal amount is paid onto a loan the interest amount decreases. This is because interest is determined based on present balance. Problem 4-A To start we are putting $500 down on a $6,500 loan, which leaves $6,000 Loan: $(6,000.00) Annual Rate:14% Years:2Answer Payments:24Monthly Payment:$288.08 PMT(B43/12,B45,B42) Total:$6,913.86 E45*B45 Problem 4-B Again, to start we are putting $500 down on a $6,500 loan, which leaves $6,000 Loan: $(6,000.00) Annual Rate:9% Years:2Answer Payments:24Monthly Payment:$274.11 PMT(B49/12,B45,B48) Total$6,578.60 E52*B52 Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-45802782112814824922019-11-21T06:09:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:09:06.347-08:00International Business Law COmparative between Unidroit principles and EssayInternational Business Law COmparative between Unidroit principles and Al-Majala - Essay Example Man is weak in nature, where he is dependent on industries, clothing, housing, and food for his survival. In short, he is civilized and cannot live like animals, but rather in need of association and co-operation in order to work with fellow human beings to be able to live well (AL-Majalla 1-17). According to AL-Majalla (1-17), each person has the things which he likes and dislikes, and as a result, laws have been established in order to maintain justice and order which regard to, social relations, marriage and mutual help which is civilization in general. The first distribution Islamic Law in the Al-Majala, there is a sector which deals with domestic relations, second deals with civil obligation and the last deals with punishments. In that regard, this paper aims at comparing Business International Law between Unidroit principles and Islamic Law in the Al-Majala. Islamic business laws principles in the Al-Majala requires that any transactions should be conventional of particular tra nsactions. The effects of contracts should also be given meaning and intention of phrases and words, which means that the subject sale of the contract had a right to redeem and pledge. To add to this, certainty is not proved by doubts, and a basic principle that everything remains as original as possible. For example, things should be left as they were, since time immemorial because there was no injury that existed back then. Additionally, liability freedom is an essential principle, and therefore, if an individual destroys another personââ¬â¢s property, as dispute arise in the name of the amount, the testimonial of the person who caused the destruction is heard, and the responsibility of the proof of any sum lies in the property owner, (AL-Majalla 1-17). AL-Majalla (1-17) also claims that Non-existence is an essential principle that applies to each right that comes up. For instance, partnership case of labor and capital, where a dispute comes up whether there is any profit made or not. Normally, the statement of the individual who has the responsibility of labour supply is heard, and the capital owner must have a proof of profits being made, because the main principle is profit non-existence. However, judgment is given in regard to matter that is approved at that time, unless any other proves are provided. Therefore, if the case is proved at that time, a specific item belongs to a person, then the ownership shall be said to be valid unless proven otherwise, which can invalidate the ownership. The Islamic principle in Al-Majala also requires that if there are any upcoming occurrences, they shall be considered as happenings, which happen at the near present. This means that, if any dispute comes up in regard to the time and causes of the event, then such events are referred to the time which is near to the present, unless proven that it relates to some other period. Words are also literally construed, and no attention is paid to any inferences in facts that are obvious claims. This is because, if the text seems to be clear, then there is no need for interpretation. In fact, in Islamic law, matter which has been contrary proved as analogy, which is legal, are not termed as analogy ways in regard to other matters. This means that legal interpretations do not destroy each other. Difficulties cause facility, and therefore, in case of any hardships there must be considerations. This can well be explained by Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-10531680678964868032019-11-20T05:54:00.001-08:002019-11-20T05:54:04.800-08:00Impact of Internet of things (IOT) on society Research PaperImpact of Internet of things (IOT) on society - Research Paper Example This a risk that the study of the IoT has prioritize on the technical artefacts and has neglected the social aspects part of the technical system and information infrastructure. Mukhopadhyyay (2014)discussed that to developing through leadership in the marketplace, is the idea behind the initiative of the internet of things. The use IOT has led to integration in that knowledge and skills are integrated in order to create value and impact industry in the society. He also explains that IoT appears to have moved objects from the physical world to a virtual one, internet of things features create a sort of virtual continuum among physical objects and their representation on internet as well as their environment. The complexity is one factor that is not pointed or noted out in the research papers by Mukhopadhyyay and Matos respectively. It is an important factor to study and control when working on IOT. Because the behavior of any particular node has to be considered in order to determine its potential impact on the whole system. With IOT data is generated, analyzed, aggregated and transformed into information and the data is distributed to the users, which actually requires a wide distribution processor that has the capability and seamless connectivity. As a result of major system crashes, the internet of things leads to increasingly large scale with highly coupled technological system that can actually remove human intervention in order to increase reliability and also to increase the potential for societal vulnerability(Slevin, 2010). The IoT inevitably leads to redesign of work process as organizations responsibilities are changed on the control and the accountability and later redistributed. The improvement of performs of the operation can be investigated specifically in the domain of supply chain management where the benefits perceived are reduction in manual error and in improved stock control and management (Ning, 2013). Business of Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-49874023697080262722019-11-17T18:25:00.001-08:002019-11-17T18:25:05.063-08:00Identify an organisation which has developed an e-business strategy EssayIdentify an organisation which has developed an e-business strategy and utilises ICT applications to deliver enhanced customer v - Essay Example Introduction General electric Inc. (GE) is a fleet management company with operations in United Kingdom and the US among other markets. GE has been using a platform computer based applications platform for fleet management over the years but over, better versions of the platform were developed were available in the market. E-Business strategies provide firms with growth opportunities (Hanna, 2010). GE adopted a growth e-business strategy in order to boost sales and avoid the risk of stagnating at the global market as Bhusry (2008) explains. To achieve success for its strategy GE decided, to adopt an ICT tool procured from Micro-strategies, an independent software vendor. The new tool is basically an upgrade on its existing fleet management software with additional functionality of supporting a Decision Support System(DSS). Theory and Analysis Evolution of the internet has enabled firms that embrace technology reap benefits related to better efficiency and effectiveness, increased sal es, better customer relations, new market discoveries as well as higher profitability in the event that the strategy was value driven(Cheung, 2007). Through the internet, GE has been able to access the global, targeting a larger potential market for its product offering. GE uses its ICT tools to provide information to the drivers of its fleet as well as the fleet managers with broken down easy to read reports. The reports assist in enabling a faster decision making process and response time to operational inefficiency encountered at the work place. The DSS systems provided the reports via email or text message service, thus regardless of location, a mobile phone is all a driver or fleet manager needs to have. Businesses can only realize benefits of adopting e-business strategies if they are keen enough to research, develop, and successfully execute these strategies (Kamel, 2006). In addition to this, (Kotleret al.2006) explain that only firms that adopt strategies that are relevant to the demand of clients and value driven can successfully reap the benefits of e-business. In order for the strategies to be relevant, a firm has to identify its value drivers and match this with the best e- business strategies it has, where possible merging the two with the internet, especially so for firms operating globally like GE in this case. Value drivers vary according to the different models of businesses different enterprises adopt. The drivers are key to operation of an enterprise and have a direct impact on how the business operates (Beynon, 2004) Opportunities Existent to GE GE, as at the time of adopting this e-business strategy was handling management of over a million commercial vehicles for its corporate clientele. According to Hitchcock & Willard (2006) a strategy drives the daily operations of a firm. GE, before adoption of the strategy, was using an e-commerce platform for fleet management that was functional and efficient in managing the fleet and relaying data back to the fleet managers. According to Hitchcock & Willard (2006), an ICT platform forms the foundation for the operations of an organization. GE has chosen the DSS platform to help in achieving success of their growth. The DSS system was to allow for faster decision making process to create value for customers by enhancing the quality of Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8565848429486475869.post-81106997029337112582019-11-15T06:57:00.001-08:002019-11-15T06:57:14.160-08:00Urbanization Trends In American CitiesUrbanization Trends In American Cities Abstract Americas largest population dwells in town. Intermediate cities are regarded as places that promise sustainability in urban growth. This paper looks at recent urbanization trends in American cities. Privatization of urban planning is challenged by sustainable urbanization. Governmental harmonization lacks in the housing market along with urban growth thus has put stress on natural resources and livability of cities. It is suggested that the housing market ought to be made more striking in order to manage urban growth and prevent a saturate of novel luxurious middle-class homes in the margin. The objective of this question is to examine the reasons as to why people migrate to cities in the United States. This knowledge is used to deal with issues of importance to the Nation, such as quality-of-life, flora and fauna, environmental integrity, water quality and mass concerns, resource accessibility, exposure to natural hazards, atmosphere and terrain value, and ease of access to scientific information. Good record keeping and data generation, and good physical planning are made an integral part of the solution to growth of other urban towns. Introduction United States was predominately rural. In the 19th and 20th centuries, industrial revolution brought about urbanization thus transformed urban life and gave individuals higher expectation to improving their standards of living. . Development of streetcars, trolleys, and railroads enabled city boundaries to expand. Technological innovations in transportation and housing construction, increased number of jobs, and encouraged migration to cities. Urbanization is a process that refers to the change in a country when its rural population migrates to urban areas; the rate at which, the proportion of a region living in towns and cities is growing. Moving in U.S is brought about by issues like employment, shelter, water, social welfare, sewage, political machines, hygiene, role of government, etc. In the United States, even the rural population is urbanized since farmers are more efficient in buying manufactured goods and producing a surplus of materials for selling and a variety of essentially urban services. Urbanization is explained in terms of either push factors- conditions in the place of origin which migrants see as detrimental to their well-being or economic security (high unemployment, political persecution), and pull factors- state of affairs in new places that magnetize individuals to move there (job opportunities, good climate). Urbanization cannot be stopped for it exists and will continue to grow. Literature review The 2005 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects says that the world is expected to continue to urbanize as 60 per cent of the universal population is projected to live in cities by 2030. Urban dwellers increase in number gives the best sign of the scale of these exceptional trends: city populace augmented from 220 million in 1900 to 732 million in 1950, and is projected to reach 3.2 billion in 2005. Brugmann says that more than half of the world now lives in cities. A sustainable future for cities and nations can be achieved by using natural advantages of urban areas with an eye toward how corporate and individuals use and misuse advantages. Globalization and urbanization are connected in that, slums are vibrant and well running economic hubs (David, 2009). Urbanization is a process in which increasing populations of an entire population live in cities and suburbs of cities. In the United States, about 6% of the population lived in cities in 1800, but about 55% of the population lived in cities by 1930. US was urbanizing throughout the 20th century. Research methodology In this section of the research we look at the suggested methods of carrying out the research. This describes and justifies the analysis, and the interpretation of the results. This section also elaborates the sampling, design methods used, nature of the data collected, analysis made on the data and the interpretations and conclusion made. In this search on urbanization-what brings people to cities: various research methods were employed in carrying out the exercise to arrive at a more productive and informative search. One of the methods used in the study is the use of secondary data. However, this information was collected from the recent researches carried out by different interested parties. The other very vital data collection method was from the census information collected and compiled by the State agency responsible with the national statistics and enumeration commission (Beall Sean, 2009). At this stage of data collection it is worth noting that for full and more accurate information to be collected, a proper research design has to be put in place to enable researchers access more information and data as they may need. Data that was collected from the secondary sources was both qualitative (in word or text) and quantitative (numbers and statistics). This data was collected from different sources and at different time. This information was collected through the commonly used primary methods like the questionnaires that were distributed to the people to answer some questions on some particular issues of their concern and the use of interviews that were carried out among the authorities. Observations were also made on the current situation that the women were facing. When checked for accuracy and reliability of the findings, it was found out that the information would stand the test of time as it was reliable and valid. If another research was to be conducted on the same issue, the same results would be obtained. Sampling error was way below the expected minimum threshold and that if triangulation was also carried out; it could be found out that the data collected was accurate and timely (Beall Sean, 2009). After data has been collected it is analyzed, represented and discussed before arriving at the conclusion on the subject matter. Data can however be analyzed in different ways and represented in different forms like diagrammatic forms like the charts, tables and graphs. This analysis can be done in two different form either qualitative data analysis or the quantitative data analysis. These data need to be analyzed in order to obtain information that is usable and useful to the end users. This information irrespective of whether the data was qualitative or quantitative will describe and summarize the data. This information would later be used to forecast outcomes as well as comparing the variables. Diagrammatic representation is considered the best among the other form of representation s as pie charts would be used to represent the number of people who have migrated to cities. Graphs can also be used to compare the current information and the past that was retrieved from the secondary sources. After the results have been found and analyzed, it should be written in a particular format and stored for future reference. This can be done by having all the data arranged in the themes and categories for future reference. When you have the information present it clearly and logically and should have relevance in your research question. Discussion Agriculture and Policies People in the United States live in cities and large metro areas. Cities rather than states increasingly drive national economies. Agricultural products (flowers, coffee), and primary-sector goods (minerals, timber) become natural resource assets that can be traded to strengthen the general economy. Free market economics pursues economic effectiveness to deliver goods at the lowest price possible whereas government intervention diminishes this efficiency by eliminating farm programs such as farm subsidies, cheap credit policies, etc. which is intended to help the farmer, and maintain stable prices. A scenario like this leaves farmers shouldering the burden of farming leaving them with no other alternative other than to sell the land to foreign investors or domestic-owned enterprises, and move to the city, where he hopes for a better life. Congressional maps became more metro and less agrarian, meaning that the interests of metropolitan areas increasingly dominated national policy debates. A budget deficit spurs on economic activity in a time where activity is tremendously slow (Kenneth, 1997). In cities, things like traffic, cost of construction, and green policies begin to matter more to a states overall competitiveness than ever before. The strategy is maintaining urban food prices below market levels to reduce the cost of urban labor and urban life. These policies have made city life more attractive and hence have pulled people from other urban areas. Inadequate compensation of rural producers for the costs incurred to produce food products has aggravated rural poverty. Good infrastructure will mean that there will be no congestion in traffic, easy access to industries, reduced number of accidents, and thus individuals take a short time to get to their work places. Nowadays, trains are the dominant mode of transportation throughout the country. Industrialization on the other hand, gained prominence thus creating a national economy. A fast growing industrial nation was fueled by the natural resources from all parts of the country. Legal Firms Most of the Americans move to Washington, DC the capital of the nation, government dominates the city thus there is a huge legal market; large business; and multitude of institutions, museums, cultural activities, and hot spots in the city. Living in DC means that one is an hour away from the mountains, three hours from the ocean, and the beautiful Potomac River and Rock Creek Park for lovers of nature. A cross-section of society: lawyers, government employees, the homeless, business people, college students, and famous Hollywood actors are found occasionally on the streets. DC has a large population due to its vast availability of resources that enable people to improve their living standards. Job opportunities are also high as compared to other states (David, 2009). Delaware is the second smallest state, but has elegant beaches such as Bethany, Rehoboth, and Dewey are tourist attraction sites. Rehoboth beach has been transformed to a refined, cosmopolitan town which has enabled people to migrate to it as it has valleys like Brandywine which have blooming gardens, tranquil creeks, and mansions like Nemours, Kennett Square, home of the magnificent Longwood Gardens, and decorative arts and landscape. The legal community and the financial services industry are prevalent. Socio-economic changes and Industries Socio-economic changes affecting urban areas involving geographical mobility is enjoyed by the elderly middle-class society segment since they can transfer payments, such as Social Security, leasing or venture money, and corporation pensions away from their communities and splurge it elsewhere. People with helpful skills (service sector of the economy) also enjoy the liberty to move to more enviable places to reside. Areas with natural facilities, such as picturesque vistas, mild winters, and water-related leisure activities, attract countless people (Howard, Judith Peter, 2009). Spatial employment distribution has changed over recent decades. Environs primarily became retail centers. Over time, manufacturing- in terms of production and management-has grown rapidly in uptown and exurban areas. Industries in these areas are characteristically described as being light- are located near hauling or information-based admission points, which are near study facilities and /or main universities or high-tech- led by Microsoft are located in areas with abundant natural amenities. Industry management has left the metropolis center in favor of shared campuses- positioned near freeway interchanges or main airports. Housing and Business opportunities The aspiration for and cost of new housing are factors motivating the spread out and expansion around metropolitan regions. On the periphery of municipal regions, cost of land for new housing construction was less expensive. People who desired new housing to lived farther out from the urban core due to increased suburbanization of employment hence maintaining related commuting patterns of the environs to metropolitan center (Kenneth, 1997). Strict land use regulations in many suburban countries affected housing costs by limiting areas available for development. Las Vegas is well known for its artesian wells. It is a regional center for push and pulling out activities. The Federal Government spurred development as a result of the erection of Hoover block and Nellis Air Base. Gambling is legal, electricity is cheap, and its propinquity to southern Californias growing population fostered a ritzy resort economy. There is an increment in gaming, air, and auto access. Corporate ownership of casinos propelled the capital into a world-class amusement center. Women and Economy Todays women migrate from south to north for work as nannies, domestics, or sex workers. They participate in two sets of dynamic configuration; the global city and survival circuits. There activities implicated in management and coordination of the global economy has expanded, producing a sharp growth in the demand for highly paid professionals. Global cities have turned out to be places where large numbers of underpaid women and immigrants are integrated into strategic economic sectors. Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota has a diversified economy and perceived opportunities which continues to attract new residents. Glacial lakes attract development because of their desired natural amenity. A progressive metropolitan farmland protection program vulnerable to voluntary, short-term enrollments was established. Orlando is the trade center to a citrus-dominated agricultural region, construction f the missile/space facility at nearby Cape Canaveral, and the arrival of associated aerospace companies (Patricia Russ, 2008). Houston, Texas a city of big plans and no rules, humidity demands for an ice-cold martini and the biggest liquor store on the planet is found there. Houston is known for its aerospace, its metro area leads the state in employment growth as it has technology and medical companies, its living costs stand well under the general average, prices of housing are half those of other metro areas, and energy capital of the U.S. Its upgrading includes a stretched out convention center, a new arena, a spiffed-up Main boulevard, and a light-rail scheme. This has attracted Fortune 500 companies, couples, and empty nesters. Energy and Habits Elevated energy prices (gasoline) as well as heating oil and ordinary gas-could be the power that brings the ideas of urban planners to conclusion: a greener, more sustainable culture. High energy prices mean more U.S. cities join those ranks, growing thicker with inhabitants, shops, and workers. Gas prices will really take the gleam off the isolated environs. Experts are predicting that city homes could increase charge for being less pricey to heat and cool, their closeness to mass transportation, shops, and employers. The Washington metro area has a lower than average rate of plumpness, low smoking rate, and an average number of persons consuming fruits and vegetables (Patricia Russ, 2008). Recreational community centers and other places are well-endowed. Affluent Boston on the other hand, has a lower smoking rate and state-mandated fitness cover. Economic power used to denote the control of immense human and material possessions, but today it implies the capability to direct the route of skill and a few leaders of important open source projects. Cities provide an audience and a funnel for peers. In something like math or physics, audience does not matters except peers, and judging capacity is amply basic that hiring and admissions committees can do it reliably. In arts or writing or technology fields the larger surroundings matters. It helps to be in a great city: you need the encouragement of sentiments that people around you mind the kind of exertion you do, you have to find peers for yourself, and you need the much larger intake device of a great city (Brugmann, 2005). Conclusion This whole process has been challenging since in some cities people were not co-operating with me for fear of giving out personal information that can land them into trouble. The process involved traveling to various cities, interacting with people of different cultures and backgrounds. United States is one big nation hosting many people who have come from as far as Africa in search of livelihood. Majority of United States residents dont like the idea of staying in one state for a long period of time thus move to other cities. Others move because they want fame while others are in search of their loved ones. My feelings concerning the subject is well rooted on the persons reason for moving. As much as I enjoyed this research am well satisfied with the work done for not only did I get to learn a few new things concerning our nation, but also I answered the question. Research will be conducted on a regular basis since time brings about a lot of changes that affect the movement of people and the population at large. The literature in this case is not wrong as it has answered all the questions that arose during my research. My only question that I did not get an answer to was why people are moving to other cities instead of working to achieve what they lack in their own town for it is not a guarantee that they will get all that they need in that new town. Also, they should be aware of the fact that with time that new place will also encounter its own problems. It means that they will have to move again to another town. Urbanization Trends In American Cities Urbanization Trends In American Cities Abstract Americas largest population dwells in town. Intermediate cities are regarded as places that promise sustainability in urban growth. This paper looks at recent urbanization trends in American cities. Privatization of urban planning is challenged by sustainable urbanization. Governmental harmonization lacks in the housing market along with urban growth thus has put stress on natural resources and livability of cities. It is suggested that the housing market ought to be made more striking in order to manage urban growth and prevent a saturate of novel luxurious middle-class homes in the margin. The objective of this question is to examine the reasons as to why people migrate to cities in the United States. This knowledge is used to deal with issues of importance to the Nation, such as quality-of-life, flora and fauna, environmental integrity, water quality and mass concerns, resource accessibility, exposure to natural hazards, atmosphere and terrain value, and ease of access to scientific information. Good record keeping and data generation, and good physical planning are made an integral part of the solution to growth of other urban towns. Introduction United States was predominately rural. In the 19th and 20th centuries, industrial revolution brought about urbanization thus transformed urban life and gave individuals higher expectation to improving their standards of living. . Development of streetcars, trolleys, and railroads enabled city boundaries to expand. Technological innovations in transportation and housing construction, increased number of jobs, and encouraged migration to cities. Urbanization is a process that refers to the change in a country when its rural population migrates to urban areas; the rate at which, the proportion of a region living in towns and cities is growing. Moving in U.S is brought about by issues like employment, shelter, water, social welfare, sewage, political machines, hygiene, role of government, etc. In the United States, even the rural population is urbanized since farmers are more efficient in buying manufactured goods and producing a surplus of materials for selling and a variety of essentially urban services. Urbanization is explained in terms of either push factors- conditions in the place of origin which migrants see as detrimental to their well-being or economic security (high unemployment, political persecution), and pull factors- state of affairs in new places that magnetize individuals to move there (job opportunities, good climate). Urbanization cannot be stopped for it exists and will continue to grow. Literature review The 2005 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects says that the world is expected to continue to urbanize as 60 per cent of the universal population is projected to live in cities by 2030. Urban dwellers increase in number gives the best sign of the scale of these exceptional trends: city populace augmented from 220 million in 1900 to 732 million in 1950, and is projected to reach 3.2 billion in 2005. Brugmann says that more than half of the world now lives in cities. A sustainable future for cities and nations can be achieved by using natural advantages of urban areas with an eye toward how corporate and individuals use and misuse advantages. Globalization and urbanization are connected in that, slums are vibrant and well running economic hubs (David, 2009). Urbanization is a process in which increasing populations of an entire population live in cities and suburbs of cities. In the United States, about 6% of the population lived in cities in 1800, but about 55% of the population lived in cities by 1930. US was urbanizing throughout the 20th century. Research methodology In this section of the research we look at the suggested methods of carrying out the research. This describes and justifies the analysis, and the interpretation of the results. This section also elaborates the sampling, design methods used, nature of the data collected, analysis made on the data and the interpretations and conclusion made. In this search on urbanization-what brings people to cities: various research methods were employed in carrying out the exercise to arrive at a more productive and informative search. One of the methods used in the study is the use of secondary data. However, this information was collected from the recent researches carried out by different interested parties. The other very vital data collection method was from the census information collected and compiled by the State agency responsible with the national statistics and enumeration commission (Beall Sean, 2009). At this stage of data collection it is worth noting that for full and more accurate information to be collected, a proper research design has to be put in place to enable researchers access more information and data as they may need. Data that was collected from the secondary sources was both qualitative (in word or text) and quantitative (numbers and statistics). This data was collected from different sources and at different time. This information was collected through the commonly used primary methods like the questionnaires that were distributed to the people to answer some questions on some particular issues of their concern and the use of interviews that were carried out among the authorities. Observations were also made on the current situation that the women were facing. When checked for accuracy and reliability of the findings, it was found out that the information would stand the test of time as it was reliable and valid. If another research was to be conducted on the same issue, the same results would be obtained. Sampling error was way below the expected minimum threshold and that if triangulation was also carried out; it could be found out that the data collected was accurate and timely (Beall Sean, 2009). After data has been collected it is analyzed, represented and discussed before arriving at the conclusion on the subject matter. Data can however be analyzed in different ways and represented in different forms like diagrammatic forms like the charts, tables and graphs. This analysis can be done in two different form either qualitative data analysis or the quantitative data analysis. These data need to be analyzed in order to obtain information that is usable and useful to the end users. This information irrespective of whether the data was qualitative or quantitative will describe and summarize the data. This information would later be used to forecast outcomes as well as comparing the variables. Diagrammatic representation is considered the best among the other form of representation s as pie charts would be used to represent the number of people who have migrated to cities. Graphs can also be used to compare the current information and the past that was retrieved from the secondary sources. After the results have been found and analyzed, it should be written in a particular format and stored for future reference. This can be done by having all the data arranged in the themes and categories for future reference. When you have the information present it clearly and logically and should have relevance in your research question. Discussion Agriculture and Policies People in the United States live in cities and large metro areas. Cities rather than states increasingly drive national economies. Agricultural products (flowers, coffee), and primary-sector goods (minerals, timber) become natural resource assets that can be traded to strengthen the general economy. Free market economics pursues economic effectiveness to deliver goods at the lowest price possible whereas government intervention diminishes this efficiency by eliminating farm programs such as farm subsidies, cheap credit policies, etc. which is intended to help the farmer, and maintain stable prices. A scenario like this leaves farmers shouldering the burden of farming leaving them with no other alternative other than to sell the land to foreign investors or domestic-owned enterprises, and move to the city, where he hopes for a better life. Congressional maps became more metro and less agrarian, meaning that the interests of metropolitan areas increasingly dominated national policy debates. A budget deficit spurs on economic activity in a time where activity is tremendously slow (Kenneth, 1997). In cities, things like traffic, cost of construction, and green policies begin to matter more to a states overall competitiveness than ever before. The strategy is maintaining urban food prices below market levels to reduce the cost of urban labor and urban life. These policies have made city life more attractive and hence have pulled people from other urban areas. Inadequate compensation of rural producers for the costs incurred to produce food products has aggravated rural poverty. Good infrastructure will mean that there will be no congestion in traffic, easy access to industries, reduced number of accidents, and thus individuals take a short time to get to their work places. Nowadays, trains are the dominant mode of transportation throughout the country. Industrialization on the other hand, gained prominence thus creating a national economy. A fast growing industrial nation was fueled by the natural resources from all parts of the country. Legal Firms Most of the Americans move to Washington, DC the capital of the nation, government dominates the city thus there is a huge legal market; large business; and multitude of institutions, museums, cultural activities, and hot spots in the city. Living in DC means that one is an hour away from the mountains, three hours from the ocean, and the beautiful Potomac River and Rock Creek Park for lovers of nature. A cross-section of society: lawyers, government employees, the homeless, business people, college students, and famous Hollywood actors are found occasionally on the streets. DC has a large population due to its vast availability of resources that enable people to improve their living standards. Job opportunities are also high as compared to other states (David, 2009). Delaware is the second smallest state, but has elegant beaches such as Bethany, Rehoboth, and Dewey are tourist attraction sites. Rehoboth beach has been transformed to a refined, cosmopolitan town which has enabled people to migrate to it as it has valleys like Brandywine which have blooming gardens, tranquil creeks, and mansions like Nemours, Kennett Square, home of the magnificent Longwood Gardens, and decorative arts and landscape. The legal community and the financial services industry are prevalent. Socio-economic changes and Industries Socio-economic changes affecting urban areas involving geographical mobility is enjoyed by the elderly middle-class society segment since they can transfer payments, such as Social Security, leasing or venture money, and corporation pensions away from their communities and splurge it elsewhere. People with helpful skills (service sector of the economy) also enjoy the liberty to move to more enviable places to reside. Areas with natural facilities, such as picturesque vistas, mild winters, and water-related leisure activities, attract countless people (Howard, Judith Peter, 2009). Spatial employment distribution has changed over recent decades. Environs primarily became retail centers. Over time, manufacturing- in terms of production and management-has grown rapidly in uptown and exurban areas. Industries in these areas are characteristically described as being light- are located near hauling or information-based admission points, which are near study facilities and /or main universities or high-tech- led by Microsoft are located in areas with abundant natural amenities. Industry management has left the metropolis center in favor of shared campuses- positioned near freeway interchanges or main airports. Housing and Business opportunities The aspiration for and cost of new housing are factors motivating the spread out and expansion around metropolitan regions. On the periphery of municipal regions, cost of land for new housing construction was less expensive. People who desired new housing to lived farther out from the urban core due to increased suburbanization of employment hence maintaining related commuting patterns of the environs to metropolitan center (Kenneth, 1997). Strict land use regulations in many suburban countries affected housing costs by limiting areas available for development. Las Vegas is well known for its artesian wells. It is a regional center for push and pulling out activities. The Federal Government spurred development as a result of the erection of Hoover block and Nellis Air Base. Gambling is legal, electricity is cheap, and its propinquity to southern Californias growing population fostered a ritzy resort economy. There is an increment in gaming, air, and auto access. Corporate ownership of casinos propelled the capital into a world-class amusement center. Women and Economy Todays women migrate from south to north for work as nannies, domestics, or sex workers. They participate in two sets of dynamic configuration; the global city and survival circuits. There activities implicated in management and coordination of the global economy has expanded, producing a sharp growth in the demand for highly paid professionals. Global cities have turned out to be places where large numbers of underpaid women and immigrants are integrated into strategic economic sectors. Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota has a diversified economy and perceived opportunities which continues to attract new residents. Glacial lakes attract development because of their desired natural amenity. A progressive metropolitan farmland protection program vulnerable to voluntary, short-term enrollments was established. Orlando is the trade center to a citrus-dominated agricultural region, construction f the missile/space facility at nearby Cape Canaveral, and the arrival of associated aerospace companies (Patricia Russ, 2008). Houston, Texas a city of big plans and no rules, humidity demands for an ice-cold martini and the biggest liquor store on the planet is found there. Houston is known for its aerospace, its metro area leads the state in employment growth as it has technology and medical companies, its living costs stand well under the general average, prices of housing are half those of other metro areas, and energy capital of the U.S. Its upgrading includes a stretched out convention center, a new arena, a spiffed-up Main boulevard, and a light-rail scheme. This has attracted Fortune 500 companies, couples, and empty nesters. Energy and Habits Elevated energy prices (gasoline) as well as heating oil and ordinary gas-could be the power that brings the ideas of urban planners to conclusion: a greener, more sustainable culture. High energy prices mean more U.S. cities join those ranks, growing thicker with inhabitants, shops, and workers. Gas prices will really take the gleam off the isolated environs. Experts are predicting that city homes could increase charge for being less pricey to heat and cool, their closeness to mass transportation, shops, and employers. The Washington metro area has a lower than average rate of plumpness, low smoking rate, and an average number of persons consuming fruits and vegetables (Patricia Russ, 2008). Recreational community centers and other places are well-endowed. Affluent Boston on the other hand, has a lower smoking rate and state-mandated fitness cover. Economic power used to denote the control of immense human and material possessions, but today it implies the capability to direct the route of skill and a few leaders of important open source projects. Cities provide an audience and a funnel for peers. In something like math or physics, audience does not matters except peers, and judging capacity is amply basic that hiring and admissions committees can do it reliably. In arts or writing or technology fields the larger surroundings matters. It helps to be in a great city: you need the encouragement of sentiments that people around you mind the kind of exertion you do, you have to find peers for yourself, and you need the much larger intake device of a great city (Brugmann, 2005). Conclusion This whole process has been challenging since in some cities people were not co-operating with me for fear of giving out personal information that can land them into trouble. The process involved traveling to various cities, interacting with people of different cultures and backgrounds. United States is one big nation hosting many people who have come from as far as Africa in search of livelihood. Majority of United States residents dont like the idea of staying in one state for a long period of time thus move to other cities. Others move because they want fame while others are in search of their loved ones. My feelings concerning the subject is well rooted on the persons reason for moving. As much as I enjoyed this research am well satisfied with the work done for not only did I get to learn a few new things concerning our nation, but also I answered the question. Research will be conducted on a regular basis since time brings about a lot of changes that affect the movement of people and the population at large. The literature in this case is not wrong as it has answered all the questions that arose during my research. My only question that I did not get an answer to was why people are moving to other cities instead of working to achieve what they lack in their own town for it is not a guarantee that they will get all that they need in that new town. Also, they should be aware of the fact that with time that new place will also encounter its own problems. It means that they will have to move again to another town. Janehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09377364861798720919noreply@blogger.com0